658 TELEOSTEI 



Fam. 6. Lobotidae. — As in Centrarchidae, but transverse 

 processes of vertebrae very short, and palate toothless. Two 

 genera : Lolotes, with two species from the warm parts of the 

 Indian and Pacific Oceans, the Mediterranean, and the Atlantic 

 coast of America, and Datniof.des, with two species from the 

 estuaries of the G-anges and the rivers of Burma, Siam, and the 

 Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. 



Fam. 7. Toxotidae. — No subocular shelf; entopterygoid 

 present ; palate toothed ; mouth very protractile ; maxillary very 

 slender. Eibs sessile, behind parapophyses which commence from 

 the third vertebra. Two nostrils on each side. Gill-membranes 

 free from isthmus ; 7 branchiostegal rays ; gills 4, a slit behind 

 the fourth ; pseudobranchiae present. Lower pharyngeal bones 

 separate. Ventral fins with 1 spine and 5 soft rays. 



A single genus, Toxotes, with 5 species from the fresh waters 

 and coasts of the East Indies, N. Australia, Polynesia, and New 

 Zealand. Toxotes jaculator derives its name from its habit of 

 capturing insects flying near the surface of the water by shooting 

 drops of water at them, a habit which it continues in captivity. 



Fam. 8. Nandidae. — No subocular shelf ; no entopterygoid ; 

 palate toothed ; mouth very protractile. Praecaudal vertebrae 

 with parapophyses from the 7 th or 8 th ; ribs mostly sessile, behind 

 the parapophyses. Two nostrils on each side. Gill-membranes 

 free from isthmus ; 6 branchiostegal rays ; gills 4, a slit behind 

 the fourth ; pseudobranchiae absent. Lower pharyngeal bones 

 separate. Soft portion of dorsal fin not more developed than 

 the anal. Ventral fins with 1 spine and 5 soft rays. 



Small carnivorous freshwater fishes, of which 14 species are 

 known, referable to 6 genera : Nandus, Catoj^ra, and Badis from 

 South-Eastern Asia, Polycentropsis from West Africa, Polycentrus 

 and Monocirrus from South America. 



Fam. 9. Percidae. — No subocular lamina of the suborbitals ; 

 entopterygoid present. Anterior vertebrae without transverse 

 processes ; all or most of the ribs inserted on the transverse pro- 

 cesses when these are developed. Two nostrils on each side. 

 Mouth not or but feebly protractile. Gill-membranes free from 

 the isthmus ; 6 to 8 branchiostegal rays ; gills 4, a slit behind 

 the fourth ; pseudobranchiae more or less developed, often rudi- 

 mentary, rarely absent. Lower pharyngeal bones separate. 

 Soft portion of dorsal fin not very much more developed than 



