7o6 TELEOSTEI 



widely separated; pectoral arch usually as in the Trachiiiidae, 

 but scapular fenestra sometimes in the scapula {Trematomus). 

 Body varying much in shape according to the genera, the form 

 sometimes suggestive of the Cottidae ; scales usually ctenoid, 

 sometimes absent ; anterior (spinous) dorsal sometimes absent ; 

 lateral line often double, or even triple. Mostly from the 

 Southern seas and the Antarctic circle-. About 40 species, refer- 

 able to 1 9 genera, of which the following are the principal : — • 

 Notothenia, Trematomus, Ghaeniclithys, Gham]psoceplialus, Cryo- 

 draco, Acanthaplwitis, Meginops, Bovichthys, Crymnodraco, Ger- 

 lachia, Batliydraco, Racovitzaia, Harpagifer , Braconetta. 



Fam. 5. Uranoscopidae. — Agree with the Trachinidae in 

 general structure, and in the closely approximated ventrals. 

 Scales very small, in oblique bands, or absent. Pterygials much 

 reduced, fused with the scapula and the coracoid ; scapular fenestra 

 in the scapula. Parapophyses strongly developed on the prae- 

 caudal vertebrae, with the ribs attached to their upper surface. 

 The head is very large, broad, partly covered with bony plates ; 

 cleft of the mouth vertical ; eyes on the upper surface of the 

 head. Vertebrae 25 to 30 (12-14+13-16). Four genera: 

 Uranoscoinis, Anema, Gathetosioma, Ariscoinis, with 15 species, 

 from the tropical seas, northwards to the Mediterranean and 

 Japan, southwards to South Australia and N"ew Zealand. 



Fam. 6. Trichonotidae. — Small elongate fishes very nearly 

 related to the Callionymidae, with which they agree in the 

 arrangement of the bones at the base of the pectoral fins and 

 the absence of epipleurals ; but post -temporal more distinctly 

 forked and detached from the skull, suborbital arch ossified 

 (without subocular shelf), gill-openings wide, a single long dorsal 

 fin, a long anal fin, and body covered with scales. Vertebrae 

 48-53. Five marine species, referable to 3 genera: Trichonotus 

 and Taeniolalirus from the Indian Ocean, and Hemerocoetes from 

 New Zealand. 



Fam. 7. Callionymidae. — Suborbital arch ligamentous ; ento- 

 pterygoid absent ; basis cranii simple ; mouth rather small, 

 protractile. Vertebrae few (7 4-14), the last two much en- 

 larged ; most of the vertebrae with bifid neural processes, simu- 

 lating a " spina bifida " ; first vertebra ribless,^ second to fourth 



^ This is really the second, tlie first having entirely disappeared, as in some 

 Gobiesocidae. 



