62 xxii. dipterocarpe.®. [Monotes 



Var. 0. hypoleuciis ; V. africana, var. liypoleuca Oliv., I.e. ; Welw., 

 I.e., p. 17, t. 5, fig. 12 ; y. hypoleuca Welw., I.e., p. 17. 



Huilla. — Sparingly in the stony shorter woods between Mumpulla 

 and Nene, in flower-bud Oct. 1859, in full flower Dec. 1859. No. 1036. 



The following is intermediate between a and /3 : — 



A small tree, 6 to 8 ft. high ; trunk erect ; crown divaricate, lax ; 



flowers yellowish. 



Huilla. — Sparingly in the higher wooded thickets of Proteacese 



between Lopollo and Monino, in flower-bud Nov. 1859, fl. Dec. 1859, 



in young fruit Jan. 1860. No. 1077. 



The following belongs to this species : — 



Huilla. — A small tree, with simple leaves and the calyx-segments 

 after flowering expanded into red rather rigid wings. Coll. Carp. 242. 



XXIII. MALVACB^. 



The Malvaceae of Angola form one of the principal constituents 

 of the herbaceous and shrubby vegetation of the country, and are 

 fairly abundant in all regions from the coast up to 6000 ft. (in 

 the highest regions and plateaux), but are most abundant between 

 1500 and 4000 ft. They contribute both by the beauty and 

 variety of their leaves — and even more by the size and bright 

 colouration of their striking large blossoms — very greatly to the 

 adorning of the meadows and plains, the jungles, and the margins 

 of the woods and cultivated places, and relieve the somewhat mono- 

 tonous colour of the vegetation. The species decrease in number 

 from Mossamedes and the high plateau of Pluilla southwards. 



Malvaceae manage to subsist on many kinds of soil ; one and 

 the same species is often seen to occur sometimes in dry hot sandy 

 drifts, or in stony situations divested of other vegetation, and at 

 other times in fertile situations on the margins of primitive 

 forests or in inhabited districts on land previously cultivated ; the 

 difference is that in poor ground the flowers are larger and more 

 brilliant, while in rich ground there is more luxuriant develop- 

 ment of stalks and foliage. The varying circumstances of soil 

 and position exercise an important influence on the indumentum 

 and render very difficult the discrimination of species and varieties, 

 especially in the case of the genera Sida, Abutilon, etc. 



The shape and size of the glands, which occur on the nerves of 

 the leaves and calyx in several species of Urena, Hibiscus, Gos- 

 sypiwm, etc., are very interesting, but they are too indefinite and 

 variable on the same plants to afford characters for the diagnosis 

 of species. In order to avoid errors, it must be remembered that 

 many species with yellow flowers turn their corollas red in drying, 

 and also that several species, especially of Sida, Abutilon, and 

 Hibiscus, at the time of flowering, lose the long-stalked principal 

 leaves of the main stem and retain only the very different younger 

 leaves of the axillary shoots. 



The native medical men employ several species as emollients in 

 baths and gargles in the same way as they are used in Europe. 



