200 ADAPTATION AND PROGRESS 



end . . . the second in a greater or less degree is impersonal; 

 its attention is turned outwards; it lives for the future. . . . 

 Almost the whole self-seeking side of things has come down the 

 line of the individual struggle for life; almost the whole unsel- 

 fish side of things is rooted in the struggle to preserve the life of 

 others." 1 



Drummond is highly poetical in his description of this process 

 through the lower forms of nature, but is more scientific and 

 satisfactory when he comes to ground his conclusions in the facts 

 of human sex relations and maternity. He finds that as in the 

 male the productive and nutritive functions are most prominent 

 whereas in the female the reproductive play the important r61e, 

 so in man's life, struggle for existence finds its chief illustration, 

 in woman's, struggle for the life of others. 2 This gives him back- 

 ground for his statement that " the passage from mere otherism, 

 in the physiological sense, to altruism in the moral sense, occurs 

 in connection with the due performance of her natural task by her 

 to whom the struggle for the life of others is assigned. That 

 task, translated into one great word, is maternity, — which is 

 nothing but the struggle for the life of others transfigured, 

 transferred to the moral sphere." 3 And this maternity, he 

 holds, is not pre-eminently the mother of children nor of affection 

 between male and female, but of love, — " of love as love, of 

 love as life, of love as humanity, of love as the pure and 

 undefiled fountain of all that is eternal in the world." 4 



With this origin, sympathy and love, he holds, are born in the 

 home and from the home-circle extend in ever increasing rela- 

 tions. 5 



In the writings of Drummond we have the advantages and dis- 

 advantages arising from the attempt to interpret scientific 

 processes in terms of religious faith and dogma. He has done 

 more, perhaps, than any other one man to bridge the chasm 

 between science and religion for the orthodox minister and lay- 

 man and make them realize the possibility of seeing this orderly 

 universe as God's world, the whole process guided by intelligence 



1 The Ascent of Man, pp. 221,222. s Ibid., p. 258. B Ibid., pp. 265, 266. 



2 Ibid., p. 257. l Ibid., p. 259. 



