EXPLANATION OF COLORED FRONTISPIECE. 
ANATOMY OF PIGEON, 9°, § Nat. Size. 
The breast-bone and entire front walls of body removed ; the viscera drawn to the right. 
A, A, skin of neck tured aside. —a, opening of bursa fabricii into cloaca. — B, brain 
removed from skull and turned hind part before (p. 176). — Bp, brachial plexus (p. 177). — 
b, opening of oviduct into cloaca (p. 219). — ©, crop, with left C’, and right C”, lateral dila- 
tations (p. 212). — v, opening of left ureter into cloaca (p. 214). — ea, czeca coli, point where 
small intestines pass into colon (p. 214).— D, D, duodenal loop of intestine, enfolding pan- 
creas (p. 213).— E, esophagus, gullet (p. 211).— Er, right ear-opening. —e, left cerebral 
hemisphere. —f, optic nerve (p. 176). — G, gizzard; letter on central tendon (p. 212). — g 
left optic lobe (p. 176). — H, heart (p. 196); the unlettered orange-red arteries from it are the 
short right and long left innominate, latter dividing into left carotid and left subclavian (both 
cut short), former dividing into right carotid (the long ascending vessel) and right subclavia 
just over the letters ‘‘Ty”; main aortic arch (right) not shown (pp. 197, 198); the unlet- 
tered bright-blue vessels are the pulmonary arteries. — Hy, hyoid arch (p. 167). —- hh, cerebel- 
lum (p. 176). —hd, hepatic ducts entering duodenum from liver (p. 215). — i, termination 
of rectum in cloaca (p. 214). — J, esophagus between crop and proventriculus. — Kn, knee 
(p. 120). —k, k, k, three lobes of kidney, lying in pelvis p, ureter w passing down upon 
them to ¢ (p. 217). —LL, liver, right and left lobes, receiving apex of heart between them 
(p. 215). — Lg, leg (p. 120). —Lu, left lung (see p. 200; compare fig. 101).—M, M’, M’, 
M’”, stumps of cut pectoral muscles (p. 193). —_m, entrance into lung of left bronchial tube. 
N, N, skinned neck. —n, spigelian lobe of liver. —O, left ovary, inactive (p. 220, fig. 108) 
od, left oviduct, passing down with ureter to b.—P, pelvis partly exposed (p. 147).— Pe, 
pancreas, lying in duodenal fold of intestine (p. 215).— Pr, proventriculus or true stomach, 
between cesophagus and gizzard (p. 212).—p, medulla oblongata, connecting brain with 
spinal cord (p. 175). —Q, coils of intestine, coming down from D’, behind G, passing ca to i 
(p. 213). —R, cut ends of several ribs. —r, r’, two openings leading from lung to not shown 
air-sacs (p. 200, fig. 101, «, «). —S, spleen. —Sr is placed over the syrinx; the fleshy bands 
on each side of the letters are the intrinsic syringeal muscles; the narrower bands diverging 
from trachea between Sr and Tr are extrinsic muscles (p. 204, fig. 101, 16, a-e). — Th, 
thigh (p. 120). — Tr, trachea or wind-pipe (p. 201).— Ty, a gland. —t, intermediate mus- 
cle of the gizzard. —U or V, remains of skull broken open to remove brain. —v, v/, v’; 
three pancreatic ducts entering intestine (p. 215). — w, ureter, see k, above.— Drawn and 
colored from nature by Dr. R. W. SHUFELDT, U.S. A. 
