94. 
35. 
95. 
36. 
SYLVICOLIDA(— SYLVICOLIN.E: TRUE WARBLERS. Jot 
as to obscure the dorsal patch, which is then not very different from the rest of the upper parts. 
White tail-spots smaller, generally confined to two outer feathers on cach side. White wing- 
bands narrower. Edging of tail and wings tinged with greenish, like the back. Eyelids not 
spotted with white. Yellow of fore under parts pale, with little or no indication of the dusky 
across the jugulum. White of the under parts tinged with yellowish posteriorly, and fre- 
quently showing brownish touches along the sides. Eastern U. 8. and British Provinces; W. 
sometimes to the Rocky Mts.; migratory ; breeds in the greater part of its N. American range, 
but chiefly northerly ; winters from Florida southward. Au elegant, diminutive species, abun- 
datit in high open woods, where it is generally observed fluttering among the smallest twigs 
and terminal foliage. Nest in trees, au elaborate woven structure of mosses and lichens ; eggs 
4-5, 0.62 x 0.48, white with the usual sprinkling of reddish and other dots. 
P. nigrilo’ra. (Lat. river, black ; lorum, a bridle; applied to the space between eye and 
bill of a bird.) Sexnerr’s WARBLER. 4, adult: Upper parts of the same ashy-blue eolor 
as in P. americana, with a dorsal patch of greenish-yellow exactly as in that species. Wings 
also as in america, dusky, with grayish-blue outer, and whitish inner, edgings, aud crossed 
by two conspicuous white bars across tips of greater and middle coverts. Tail as in ameri- 
cane, but the white spots smaller and ahnost restricted to two outer feathers on each side. 
Eyelids black, eithout white marks. Lores broadly and intensely black, this color extending 
as a narrow frontal line to meet its fellow across base of culmeu, and also reaching back to 
invade the auriculars, on which it shades through dusky to the gencral bluish. Under parts 
yellow as far as the middle of the belly, and a little farther on the flanks, and also spreading up, 
the sides of the jaw to involve part of the mandibular and malar region; on the fore breast 
deepening into rich orauge, but showing nothing of the orauge-chestnut and blackish of P. 
americana. Lower belly, flanks and crissun white. Bill black above, yellow below. Leys 
undefinable light horn-color. Length about 4.50; wing 2.00-2.20; tail 1.$0-1.90; bill 
from nostril 0.38-0.40; tarsus 0.62-0.65; middle toe alone 0.40. Texas. Another little 
exquisite, recently added to our fauna; quite distinct from, though resembling, P. americana; 
coming nearer P. pitiayrani, a Mexican species. : 
PROTONOTA’'RIA. (Low Lat. protonotarius, first notary, or scribe; why?) Gotnen 
Swamp Warsiers. Bill of great size, nearly as long as head, compressed, conic, acute, with 
slightly notched tip and scarcely bristled rietus. Wings pointed, unmarked, much longer than 
the short, nearly even, spotted tail. Tarsus equal to middle toe aud claw. One species. 
P. cit‘rea. (Lat. citrea, pertaining to the citron; i.e., yellow.) PRoTHONOTARY WARBLER. 
Golden-yellow, paler on the belly, changing to olivaceous on the back, thence to bluish-ashy 
ou the rump, wings, and tail; most of the tail-feathers largely white on the inner webs; no 
other special markings; bill entirely black, very large, at least 0.50 long. Length about 
5.50; extent 9.25; wing 2.75-3.00; tail 2.25; tarsus 0.75. Sexes similar. In highest 
feather the yellow of the head sometimes becomes orange-red. Eastern United States, south- 
erly; north casually to Maine, New Brauswick, and Ohio; regularly to Iinois and Kansas ; 
west to Indian Territory aud Texas; winters extra-limital. A beautiful species, of striking 
form and colors, and sedate manners, inhabiting swamps and thickets; nest in holes, or other 
sheltered cavities in trees, stumps, and logs, of the most miscellaneous materials; eggs 4-5, 
0.68 X 0.54, creamy white, profusely speckled. 
HELMINTHE’RUS, $ (Gr. é\pes, gen. EhpivOos, helnris, helminthos, a bug: Onp, an animal ; 
i. ¢., EApevOoOnpas, helminthotheras, a bug-huuter: like vermivora, worm-eating.) Wor- 
EATING SwAMPp Wagsters. Bill large, conic-acute, especially high and stout at the base, 
nearly or quite as long as head, unnotehed and scarcely or not bristled. Wings rather pointed. 
inuch longer than the little rounded tail. Tarsus about equal to middle toe and claw. Sexes 
similar ; tail-feathers unmarked; legs pale. Two very distinet species. 
96. H. vermi’vorus. (Lat. vermivorus, worm-eating ; vermis, a worm, voro, I devour. Fig. 162.) 
