61. 
189. 
342 SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS.— PASSERES— OSCINES. 
Inner secondaries not enlarged ; wing decidedly longer than tail. 
Edge of wing and loral spot yellow ; breast buff; wing under 2.50. (Eastern. ) 
Coturniculus TT 
-With yellow on breast, edge of wing, over eye; black throat-patch or stripes. 
(Eastern.). . . . . Spiza 88 
No yellow ; head striped with black, white, and chestnut ; tail black, white-tipped. 
(Western.). . . + « + « Chondestes 85 
No yellow ; winga white-barred ; throat black, dé. ” Uimported. ) . . . . «Passer 64 
Inner secondaries not enlarged ; wing not, or not decidedly, longer than tail. 
Tail-feathers — very acute; bill—very slender. (Eastern, chiefly maritime.) 
Ammodramus 78 
—very stout. (Eastern, interior.) . .Cotwrniculus 17 
—not acute ; tail—forked. Length 6.00 or less; no yellow on wing. 
(N. Am.) . c . . Spizella 83 
= jronnied _ -Blaek; eage of wing “gelldwiete. (Weat- 
ern.) . mye ‘ . . Amphispiza 81 
—not black. Repealed below, or crown 
chestnut. (N.Am.). . Melospiza 19 
—not streaked below. (S. 
and W. U.S.). Peucwa 80 
or(N. Am.) Zonotrichia 84 
*,* The commonest ‘‘sparrows’’ of Eastern U. S., which the student will be most likely to find first, belong 
to the genera Passer, Spizella, Melospiza, Zonotrichia, Passerella, Passerculus, Powcetes, Coturniculus (these 
anywhere); 4mmodramus (marshes only); common but more distinguished fringillines are Carpodacus, Astra- 
galinus, Chrysomitris, Passerina, Spiza, Pipilo,and Cardinalis. Wiuter visitors, in flocks, are Loxia, Pinicola, 
Plectrophanes, Centrophanes, Agiothus, and Junco. 
HESPEROPHO'NA. (Gr. éo7épa, Hesperus, place of sunset; qwvy, voice.) AMERICAN 
Hawrincues. Bill enormously large, vaulted, nearly as wide as high at base ; culmen nearly 
straight to the decurved end; commissure curved without obvious angulation ; gonys very long, 
and mandibular rami short, not reaching back of 
base of upper mandible; mandibles of equal thick- 
ness, lower not so deep as upper; lateral outlines of 
bill converging straight to tip. Nasal fosse ex- 
tremely short and broad; nostrils slightly overhung 
by antrorse plumule. Wings long, pointed, folding 
beyond middle of tail, pointed by first two primaries, 
the rest rapidly graduated; no peculiar shape of 
inner primaries or outer secondaries. Tail rather 
short, emarginate, with’ long coverts, the under 
reaching nearly to the forking. Feet small and 
weak; tarsus shorter than middle toe without 
claw ; lateral toes of about equal lengths, their claws 
reaching only to base of middle claw. Coloration 
Fic. 206, — Evening Grosbeak, reduced. black, white, and yellow. Sexes dissimilar. Little 
(Sheppard del. Nichols sc.) different from Old World Coccothraustes, excepting 
coloration and simplicity of wing-quills. 
H. vesperti/na. (Lat. vespertina, of Hesperus. Fic. 206.) Eventna Grospeak. Adult 
& +: General color sordid yellow, overlaid with a sooty-olive shade, deepest on fore parts, quite 
black on crown, clearest. below behind. Forehead and line over eye, scapulars, and rump, 
yellow. Wings and tail black; several inner secondaries and inner half of the greater coverts 
white ; lining of wings black and yellow. A narrow black line around base of upper man- 
dible; tibia black. Bill greenish-yellow; feet apparently dusky flesh-color. Length 
7.50-8.50; wing 4.00-4.50; tail 2.50-3.00; bill 0.75 long, 0.67 deep, 0.60 broad. @: 
Brownish-ash, paler below, whitening on belly, irregularly patched or mixed with yellowish ; 
white of wings imperfect, or tinged with yellow ; primaries, which are quite black in ¢, with 
