109. 
346. 
CORVIDAE— GARRULIN:: JAYS. 419 
on belly; the throat with whitish streaks; wings dusky on the inner webs. Bill and feet 
black. Iris brown. Length 11.00-12.00; extent 16.50-19.00; wing 5.50-6.00; tail about 
4.50; bill 1.33, but from 1.25-1.50; 9 smaller, duller. Rocky Mt. region; much the same 
elevated distribution as the last, but apparently rather more southerly ; decidedly gregarious, 
and very abundant in some places. A remarkable bird, combining the form of a crow with 
the color and habits of a jay, and a peculiarly shaped bill. It roves about in noisy restless 
flocks, sometimes of thousands, in search of food, which is pine seeds, especially pifiones, juni- 
per berries, acorns, etc. Breeds in colonies; nest in pifion pines and other evergreens, compact 
but bulky, of twigs, and fibrous bark-strips well worked together; eggs 3-4, 1.25 x 0.87, 
greenish-white, profusely spotted with light brown and purplish ; laid in April. 
$ 27. Subfamily GARRULINA:: Jays. 
With the wings much shorter than or about 
equalling the tail, both rounded; tip of the 
wing formed by the 4th-7th quills. The feet, 
as well as the bill, are usually weaker than in 
the true crows, and the birds are more strictly 
arboricole, usually advancing by leaps when on 
the ground, to which they do not habitually re- 
sort. In striking contrast to most Corvine, the 
jays are usually birds of bright and varied colors, 
among which blue is the most prominent; and 
the head is frequently crested. The sexes are 
ne nearly alike, and the changes of plumage do 
Fic. 272, — European Jay (Garrulus glandarius), not appear to be as great as is usual among 
{From:Dixon.) highly-colored birds, although some differences 
are frequently observable. Our well-known Blue Jay is a familiar illustration of the habits and 
traits of the species in general. They are found in most parts of the world, and reach their 
highest development in the warmer portions of America. With one boreal exception (Pert- 
soreus), the genera of the Old and New World are entirely different. 
It is proper to observe, that, while the American Corvine and Garruline, upon which the 
foregoing paragraphs are mainly drawn up, are readily distinguishable, the characters given 
may require modification in their application to the whole family, the different divisions of 
which appear to intergrade closely. Qur six genera are easily discriminated. 
Analysis of Genera. 
Nostrils large, naked. 
Not crested. Generalcolor brown ... . 0 RE Se . . Psilorhinus 109 
Nostrils moderate, covered by feathers. 
First primary attenuated, falcate: tail exceedingly long, graduated. 
Not crested. : Colors black, white, and iridescent ae eh 8 rae ee ‘ gD Pica 110 
First primary not attenuated. Tail moderate. 
Crested. Blue: wings and tail barred with black. . . «2... - + Cyanocitta 111 
Not crested. Blue: wings and tail unbarred Ss F < Aphelocoma 112 
Green and yellow, with blue and black on head . *. a A Xanthura 113 
Gray, with slaty wings and tail . . . . Perisoreus 114 
PSILORHINUS. (Gr. pudrds, psilos, smooth, bare, bald; pis, pwds, hris, hrinos, nose.) 
Brown Jays. Smoxy Pies. Nostrils exposed, large, rounded. Bill stout, with very convex 
culmen, curved, from the base. Wings and tail of about equal lengths, both rounded. Of 
large size, and smoky-brown color ; not crested. 
P. mo'rio. (Lat. morio, “a dark brown gem.”) Brown Jay. Smoky-brown, darker on 
head, fading on belly ; wings and tail with bluish gloss. Bill and feet black, sometimes yel- 
