384. 
385. 
TYRANNIDZ : —TYRANNINZ: TYRANT FLYCATCHERS. 441 
Keclusively Eastern Species. 
Largest: rather over than under 6.00; wing nearly or over 3.00; tarsus 0.67 ; middle toe and claw 0.50; 
bill nearly or quite 0.50, Clear light olive-green above, below whitish; wing-bars and eye-ring tawny. 
Nest flat in fork of a horizontal bough; eggs speckled. Not New England. .... . acadicus 384 
Medium: rather under 6.00; wing 2.70; tarsus 0.67, but middle toe and claw 0.60; bill hardly 0.50. 
Olive-brown above, below grayish; wing-bars and eye-ring whitish, Nest a saiiaed cup in a bush; 
eggs speckled. New England. . ‘ . trailli 385 
Small: rather under 5.50; proportions saa eelove nearly. as in west. Nest a oieab cup in upright 
crotch of a tree; eggs white, Commonest breeder in S. New England. . . minimus 387 
Medium : under parts alone ie Nest near ee ina stump or log, bali. Eggs speckled. 
New England . ae — e ee . flaviventris 388 
Exclusively Western Siar 
The representative of trailli. Eggs speckled. . . ae: di . pusillus 386 
The representative of flaviventris. Eggs speckled . z ~. . « . difficilis 389 
Small, and otherwise like minimus ; dark below, breast not very different en back; bill extremely 
narrow. Eggs white ae hammondi 390 
Large, about the size of iaadianss olive- ol above: breast dark; cule tail- feather white on outer 
web; bill very. narrow. Eggs white . ; fc ae, Bae +. « - obscurus 391 
E. aca/dicus. (Lat. of Acadia.) SMALL GREEN-CRESTED or ACADIAN FLYCATCHER. 
Above, olive-green, clear, light, continuous and uniform (though the crown may show rather 
darker, owing to dusky centres of the slightly lengthened, erectile feathers); below, whitish, 
olive-shaded on sides and nearly across breast, yellowish-washed on belly, flanks, crissum and 
axillars; wings dusky, inner quills edged, and coverts tipped, with tawny yellow; all the 
quills whitish-edged internally ; tail dusky, olive-glossed, unmarked ; a tawny eye-ring; feet 
and upper mandible brown, under mandible pale. In midsummer, rather darker ; in early fall 
brighter and especially more yellowish below ; in the young, the wing-markings more fulvous, 
the general plumage slightly buffy-suffused; when very young, said to be mottled transversely 
with pale ochraceous. Largest: 5.75-6.25— rather over than under 6.00; extent rather over 
than under 9.50; wing 2.75-3.00 (even 3.12); tail 2.50-2.75 ; bill nearly or quite 0.50, about 
0.25 wide at nostrils, broad and flat, like a pewee’s; tarsus 0.66; middle toe and claw 0.50 ; 
point of wing reaching nearly an inch beyond the secondaries; 2d, 3d, and 4th quills nearly equai 
and much (4 inch or more) longer than 1st and 5th, which about equal each other; 1st much 
longer than 6th. The 9 near the lesser of all the dimensions given. Eastern U. S., southerly, 
scarcely known in New England; abundant in the Middle and Western States in woodland ; 
readily recognized by the points of size and shape, without regarding coloration. Nest in trees, 
in horizontal fork of a slender bough; thin and open-worked, shallow, flat, saucer-shaped; eggs 
9-4, 0.78 X 0.56, creamy-white, boldly spotted, resembling a wood pewee’s. (Muscicapa sub- 
viridis BarTRAM, 1791; Empidonax subviridis Cours, 1882 (name acadicus geographically 
false). Muscicapa querula W1LS., ii, 77, pl. 13, f. 3; M. acadica Aup., B. Am., 8vo. ed. 1840, 
i, 221, pl. 62; Hmpidonax acadicus Bo., B. N. A., 1858, p. 197.) 
E. trail/li. (To T. S. Traill, of Edinburgh.) Trati’s Frycarcuer. Above, olive- 
brown, lighter and duller brownish posteriorly, darker on head, owing to obviously dusky 
centres of the coronal feathers ; below, nearly as in acadicus, but darker, the olive-gray shading 
quite across the breast; wing-markings grayish-white with slight yellowish or tawny shade ; 
under mandible pale; upper mandible and feet black. Averaging smaller than acadicus; 
length 5.50-6.00; extent under 9.50, usually 8.75-9.00; wing 2.66-2.75, more rounded than 
in acadicus, its tip only reaching about 2 of an inch beyond the secondaries, formed by 2d, 3d 
and 4th quills, as before, but 5th not so much shorter (hardly or not L of an inch), the lst ranging 
between 5th and 6th; tail 2.50; tarsus 0.66, as before, but middle toe and claw 0.60, the feet 
thus differently proportioned, owing to length of toes; bill not so broad and flat as in acadicus. 
Eastern N. Am. to the Plains, common; an entirely different bird from acadicus, but difficult 
if not impossible to distinguish from the following variety ; almost the same in color as minimus, 
‘but larger, and otherwise perfectly distinct. A common breeder from New England and Canada 
