180. 
FALCONIDA —BUTEONINZE: BUZZARDS. 541 
leaves; eggs commonly 2, broadly oval or subspherical, heavily colored with blotches and 
clusters of rich reddish-brown and smaller blackish over-spots; size 2.20 to 2.40 by about 
1.85. The long neck and legs of this bird, its terrestrial habits and walking powers, give 
it peculiar character, almost suggesting Gypogeranus. Like our vultures, it is a constant 
feature of the scene in some southerly localities. 
47. Subfamily BUTEONINA:: Buzzards and Eagles. 
Bill variable in size and shape, but-without the toothing and notching of that of Falconine 
(with rare exceptions), the cutting edge being variously lobed or festooned, or simple. Nos- 
trils not circular, nor with a central tubercle; nasal septum incompletely ossified. Super- 
ciliary shield more or less prominent, usually consisting of two pieces. Scapular process of the 
coracoid not produced to meet the clavicle. Wings and tail variable, but not presenting the 
special characters noted under Falconine, nor the relative lengths of those of Accipitrine. 
: Tarsus obviously shorter than the tibia, generally scutellate before and behind, sometimes 
feathered to the toes. The buzzards form a large group, not easy to define except by exclu- 
sion; though quite distinct from Falconine and Polyborine, they grade into each of the other 
subfamilies here presented. They ate hawks of medium and rather large size, heavy-bodied, 
of strong but measured flight, inferior in spirit to the true hawks and falcons, and as a rule 
feed upon humble game, which they rather snatch stealthily than capture in open piracy. 
The extensive genus Buteo with its subdivisions, and its companion Archibuteo, typify the 
buzzards; they include, however, a great variety of forms. ‘With them must be associated 
‘he eagles; for the popular estimate of these famous great birds as something remarkably 
different from ordinary hawks is not confirmed by examination of their structure, which is the 
same as that of other buzzards. Although usually of large size and powerful physique, they 
are far below the smallest falcons in raptorial character, prey like the buzzards, and often 
stoop to carrion. The genus Aquila may stand as the type of an eagle; its several species 
are confined to the Old World, with one exception. Haliaétus represents a decided modifica- 
tion, in adaptation to maritime and piscivorous habits. A celebrated bird of this group is the 
harpy eagle, Thrasyaétus harpyia, with immense bill and feet, and one of the most powerful 
birds of the whole family. There are several other genera in either hemisphere. 
Analysis of Genera, 
Tarsi feathered in front to the toes. 
Buzzards not over2feet long . . .... 2 2 © ee eo Brea ah cee oe Archibuteo 181 
Eagles about 3 feet long - . ..... ee ee ee ae ee - . « Aquila 186 
Tarsi naked and scutellate or reticulate below. 
Crested. Eaglesabout4feetlong . . 2. 6. 2. + 6 we we ee ee me Yes ee 6 . Thrasyattus 185 
Not crested. No basal webbing of toes. Bagles neat 8feetlong .......4.. Haliatitus 187 
A basal web between outer and middle toes. Buzzards not over two feet long. 
No tibial flag; outstretched feet reaching beyond tail . cat . . Onychotes 184 
Tibie flagged; under parts of adult finely barred crosswise; wings ronnie . . Asturina 182 
—otherwise; wings more pointed .. . Urubitinga, 183, or Buteo 180 
BU'TEO. (Lat. buteo, a buzzard-hawk.) Buzzarps. Size medium and large; form heavy, 
robust. Bill of ‘moderate size and ordinary shape. Wings rather long and pointed, exceed- 
ing the tail to a variable extent ; 3d to 5th quills longest, 1st to 5th emarginate on inner webs, 
Ist not longer than 8th. Tail of moderate length, probably averaging # of the wing, a little 
rounded. Feet more or less robust; tarsi scutellate in front at least,’feathered in front for a 
varying distance; tibia flagged. This is the central or typical genus of its subfamily, as 
Falco is of Falconine, embracing numerous (about 30) species of nearly all parts of the world 
excepting Australia; about half of them American. The type is B. vulgaris of Europe, to 
which the N. Am. B. swainsoni is so closely related. Four of our species (BB. bor ealis, swain- 
soni, lineatus, and pennsylvanicus) are abundant “hen hawks” or ‘chicken hawks” of the 
U.S., the first named running into several varieties; the others are little known (BB. harlani, 
