TETRAONIDZ — TETRAONINA: GROUSE. 5TT 
and Southern States — wherever the Ruffed Grouse is called ‘ pheasant,” the Bob-white, Ortyxr 
virginiana, is called ‘‘ partridge.” (3.) The term ‘‘ quail” is specially applicable to the Euro- 
pean Migratory or Messina Quail, Coturnix dactylisonans. But this resembles our Bob-white 
not distantly, causing the latter to be called “quail” in the sections where the Ruffed and Spruce 
Grouse are called ‘‘ partridge ;” and in the Southwest, the species of Lophortyx, Oreortyx, and 
Cyrtonyx are universally called ‘‘ quail.” The following tabular statement should bring the 
matter clearly into view. 
Summary of North American TETRAONIDZ — Grouse, Partridge, Quail. 
A. GROUSE, with feathers on shank (Tetraonine). 
1. Sage Fowl: Sage Cock; Sage-Hen; Cock-of-the-Plains. Western. One species: 
Centrocercus urophasianus. 
2. Sharp-tailed Grouse: Pin-tail Grouse; Prairie Hen or Prairie Chicken of the North- 
west: 1 species, 2 varieties: Pediccetes phasianellus. 
3. Pinnated Grouse: common Prairie Hen or Prairie Chicken of the Mississippi, Ohio, 
and Lower Missouri valleys. One species ; two varieties: Cupidonia cupido. 
4. Tree Grouse : Spruce Grouse ; Black Grouse ; the Northern States species improperly 
called ‘‘ partridge.” One species, two varieties: Canace canadensis. 
Another species of 3 varieties, confined to the West: Canace obscura. 
5. Ruffed Grouse : improperly called “‘ partridge” in the Northern and ‘‘ pheasant” in the 
Middle and Southern States. One species, Bonasa umbella, of 3 varieties. 
6. Snow Grouse, or Ptarmigan. Three species of Lagopus, boreal and alpine, turning 
white in winter: L. albus, L. rupestris, L. leucurus. 
B. ParTrRIpGE and QUAIL, without feathers on shank (Odontophorine). 
7. The imported Messina Quail, or Migratory Quail of Europe: one species: Coturniz 
dactylisonans. 
8. Bob-white: called ‘‘ quail” in Northern States; called “partridge” in the Middle 
and Southern States. One species: Ortyx virginiana, with 2 varieties, one in 
Florida, the other in Texas. 
9. Helmet Partridges: of the Southwest, commonly called “quail,” with a beautiful 
recurved top-knot. Two species of Lophortyx: L. gambeli, L. californica, commonly 
called ‘ valley quail.” 
10. Arrow Partridge: with two long arrowy plumes on the head. One species, of Cali- 
fornia: Orortyx picta, commonly called ‘‘ mountain quail.” 
11. Shell Partridge: bluish-white markings, as if scaly. One species, Southwest. Calli- 
pepla squamata. 
12. Massena Partridge (not to be confused with the 
imported Messina Quail): with a soft crest and 
numberless white ‘‘eyes” on the belly. South- 
west. One species: Cyrtonyx massena. 
In all, 26 varieties, of 16 species, of 12 genera, of 2 
subfamilies, of 1 family. 
52. Subfamily TETRAONINZ: Crouse. 
Head completely feathered, excepting, usually, a 
naked strip of skin over the eye. Nasal fossa densely 
feathered. Tarsi more or less perfectly feathered, the 
ie ) feathering sometimes extending on the toes to the 
Fro, 396. — ‘Red Game’ of Britain, Lagopus claws; the toes, when naked, with horny fringe-like 
seoticus. (From Dixon.) processes. Tail variable in shape, but never folded, 
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