206. 
561. 
562. 
TETRAONID -—- TETRAONINZE: GROUSE. 581 
sterile sage-bush plains of the West; an abundant and characteristic species of those forbidding 
regions, beginning with the Eastern slopes and fovt-hills of the R. Mts., South into New 
Mexico and Arizona, sparingly N. to 49° or slightly further, in the Milk River region. Not in 
Dakota east of the Coteau, or in the Missouri Basin much below the Yellowstone country. 
Its centre of abundance is the artemisia tracts of Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, Idaho, 
Eastern California, and Oregon. It straggles through the sage-bush, but I have seen packs of 
hundreds in the fall. In the breeding season its sonorous hullaballoo resounds on every hand 
where the birds are numerous. The flesh is edible or not, ‘‘as you like it.” The behavior 
towards man varies with circumstances; sometimes the birds may almost be knocked over with 
a stick, at others it is difficult to get a shot. In walking, the tail is somewhat elevated, and 
swings sideways with each step. The flight is extremely vigorous, and at times greatly pro- 
tracted, with wings so widely expanded that the tips of the primaries stand apart; the course 
rapid and steady when the bird is once fairly on wing, accomplished with a succession of quick 
energetic wing-beats, alternating with sailing with stiffly motionless wings until the impulse 
is spent. From the nature of its resorts the bird is exclusively terrestrial. The egg is nar- 
rower and more pointed than that of any other grouse of our country, measuring from 2.05 to 
2.25 in length by 1.50-1.60 in breadth; grayish or greenish-drab color, thickly speckled with 
chocolate-brown, mostly in minute dots evenly distributed, occasionally with well-defined spots 
up to the size of a split pea, tending to circular shape. 
PEDIG@'CETES. (Gr. mediov, pedion, a plain; oixérns, oiketes, an inhabitant.) Pmn-TarL 
Grouse. Neck without obviously peculiar feathers, like those either of the pinnated or 
ruffed grouse or sage cock, but with a hidden, definitely circumscribed space on each side of 
reddish, vascular, and distensible skin, constituting an undeveloped tympanum, over which 
lies a lateral series of slightly enlarged feathers. Head lightly crested, the longest feathers of 
the crown falling on the occiput; a crescentic naked patch over each eye of numerous orange 
or chrome-yellow fringe-like processes, in several parallel curved rows. Feet full-feathered to 
between the bases of the toes, with long, hair-like plumage reaching to or beyond the end of the 
hind claw; toes above with one row of broad, transverse scutella, a row on each side of smaller 
rounded scales, and a conspicuous fringe of horny processes; below, bossed and scabrous. 
Tail much shorter than the wings, normally of 18 true rectrices, of which the central pair are 
soft, parallel-edged and square-tipped, projecting an inch or two beyond the next pair; the 
rest rapidly graduated, stiffish, and crisp (naking a creaking sound when rubbed together) ; 
at first about straight-edged, soon becoming club-shaped (with a constriction near the apex) 
by mutual attrition. Sexes similar, but cock rather larger and darker than the hen, with more 
prominent supraciliary papilla. One species, of two varieties, of prairie, perfectly terrestrial. 
Analysis of Varieties. 
Northern Sharp-tailed Grouse. The markings black, white and dark brown, with little or no tawny; 
spots on the under parts numerous, blackish, V-shaped; throat white, speckled. (Arctic America.) 
phasianellus 561 
Common Sharp-tailed Grouse. The markings black, white, and especially tawny ; below, the spots fewer, 
brown, U-shaped; throat buff. (U.S. and adjoining British Province.) oe  columbianus 562 
P. phasianel/lus. (Diminutive of Lat. phasianus, a pheasant.) NORTHERN SHARP-TAILED 
Grouse. As above, in comparison with the ordinary bird next described. Very dark-colored, 
in blackish and white variegation, with little buff, even in the fall. The markings below 
heavier, in sharper, more arrow-headed shape, quite blackish. The feet very heavily feathered, 
almost like a ptarmigan’s. - Interior of British America, E. to Hudson’s Bay, N. and W. to 
the Yukon, southward shading directly into the U. 8. bird, before reaching 49°. This is the 
true Tetrao phasianellus —a name commonly applied to the next variety. 
P. p. columbia/nus. (Of the Columbia River. Fig. 398.) Common SHARP-TAILED GROUSE. 
PRAIRIE CHICKEN OF THE NortHwest. Adult ¢ 9 : Upper parts closely and pretty evenly 
