246, 
638. 
11 Q47, 
639. 
640 SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS. — LIMICOLA. 
in N. U.S. and northward, if not also through most of its U. 8. range; winters altogether 
or chiefly extralimital. Abundant during the migrations; a shy, quiet inhabitant of wet woods 
and meadows and secluded pools, rather than of the marshes. Eggs still (1883 !) desiderata ; 
but see Bull. Nuttall Club, iii, 1878, p. 197; New England Bird Life, ii, 1883, p. 240; and 
Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus. No. 26, p. 97. 
TRINGOIDES. (Gr. zpiyyas, truggas, Lat. tryngas, or tringa, a sandpiper ; eiSos, eidos, re- 
semblance.) SporrEpD SANDPIPERS. Bill straight, only about as long as head or tarsus, grooved 
for about three-fourths its length. Tibize scarcely denuded for half the length of tarsus. Tar-. 
sus about as long as middle toe and claw. Outer and middle toes webbed for the length of 
their first joints; inner cleft. Tail fully half as long as the wing. Upper parts glossy, . 
under spotted on white ground; bill and feet pale. Of small size. 
T. macula/rius, (Lat. macularius, spotted. Fig. 447.) SpoTrep SANDPIPER. ¢ 9, adult: 
Above, silken ashen-olive (quaker-color — as in our 
cuckovus) with a coppery lustre, finely varied with 
blackish, in streaks on head and ueck, elsewhere in 
wavy or otherwise irregular cross-bars. Line over 
eye, and entire under parts, pure white, with nu- 
merous sharp circular black spots, larger and more 
© crowded in the 9 than in the g. Secondaries and 
Fic. 47.—Spotted Sandpiper, nat. size. their coverts broadly white-tipped; some white feath- 
(Ad nat. del. E. C.) . i ee i a 
ers along bend of wing; axillars and lining of wings 
white, the latter with an oblique dusky bar. Primaries and most uf the secondaries brownish- 
black, with brown shafts and large white basal spaces, concealed in the folded wing, conspicuous 
in flight. Upper tail-coverts and middle tail-feathers like back; lateral ones successively acquir- 
ing white tips; outer with several incomplete white bars. Feet pinkish-white, drying yellow- 
ish. Bill flesh-color, black-tipped; sometimes much of culmen dusky; sometimes much of 
under mandible orange. @: Length 7.25-7.60; extent 13.00-13.50; wing 3.80-4.00; bill, 
tarsus, and middle toe with claw, each 0.95-1.00. 9: Length 7.60-7.90 ; extent 13.50-14.00; 
wing 3.90-4.10. Young: Above, less glossy, with little if any blackish variegation. Below, 
white, entirely free from spotting. Downy young: Below, white; above, mottled with dark 
brown and buff; a sharp black stripe from top of head down middle of back, and another 
through eye. N, Am. at large, extremely abundant everywhere near water, and breeding 
throughout the country; winters in Southern States and beyond; familiarly known as the 
sandlark, peetweet, teeter-tail, tip-up, etc., these last names being given in allusion to its 
habit (shared by allied species) of jetting the tail as it moves; a custom as marked as the 
continual bobbing of the head of the solitary tattler and others. Nesta slight affair of dried 
grasses, on the ground, often in a field or orchard, but generally near water; eggs 4, pointed, 
creamy or clay-colored, blotched with blackish and neutral tint; about 1.30 X 1.00. 
MACHE'TES. (Gr. wayntys, machetes, a fighter.) Ficurinc Sanppipers. Bill straight, 
about as long as head, shorter than tarsus, grooved nearly to tip. Gape reaching behind 
culmen. Outer and middle toe webbed at base; inner cleft. Tarsus longer than middle toe 
and claw. Tail about half as long as wing, barred. in the breeding season with the face 
bare and beset with papille, and the neck with an extravagant frill or ruffle of elongated 
feathers. 9 without these ornaments. 2 
M. pug’nax. (Lat. pugnaa, pugnacious. Fig. 448.) Rurr, g. Rerve, 9. CompBarayt. 
GamBeTTa. Adult 3, in wedding dress: Varied above with black, brown, buff and chestnut, 
the sides of rump white; under parts white, breast and sides and crissum black, spotted with 
white ; tail brown, barred with chestnut and white; quills dusky, with white shafts; wing 
coverts ashy-brown. Bill blackish, flesh-colored at base; legs dingy yellow; warty excres- 
cences yellow; feathers of the ruff endlessly varied in color. Length about 12.00; wing 7.00; 
