800 SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS.— PYGOPODES. 
Neither mandible grooved. Covering of bill moulted in 2 pieces. Inner lateral claw normal. 
Tarsus scutellatein front. . . . 1. 1. se es a 6, aan x . Ceratorhina 339 
Eyelids simple. Variously crested. Bill of indeterminate shape, various parts moulted in 1-7 pieces. 
No soft rosette. Inner claw normal. Tarsusreticulate . . .. .. . =. . + .Simorhynchus 840 
Eyelids simple. Not crested ? Bill acute; upper mandible striate; no moult of bill known. No 
rosette. Innerclaw normal. Tarsus reticulate . pao ke + « » «Ptychorhamphus 341 
ALOIN#. Nostrils more or less completely feathered. Bill of variable shape, as far as known not 
appendaged with deciduous elements. Head not crested (except one species). Seasonal changes of 
plumage usually marked. 
Bill elongate, more or less slender, without vertical grooves. 
Nostrils nearly circular, incompletely feathered. Bill short and stout for this group. Tarsus 
scarcely compressed, scutellate in front a Be oe oe 5 ep om ele eo ee Go Ae 8 
Nostrils broadly oval, incompletely feathered. Bill much compressed. Tail nearlyeven. Tarsus ; 
extremely compressed, scutellatein front andinternally. . ... . Synthliborhamphus 343 
Nostrils oval, feathered. Bill very small, slender, acute. Tarsus reticulate. .Brachyrhamphus 344 
Nostrils narrow, feathered. Bill about equal to tarsus. Tarsusreticulate ... = Uria 345 
Nostrils narrow, densely feathered. Bill longer than tarsus. Tarsus scutellatein front Zomvia 346 
Bill elongate, stout, high, narrow, vertically grooved. Nostrils linear, densely feathered. 
Wings fully developed, fit for flight ‘ oie a oe . ae Gt Sra Utamania 347 
Wings reduced in size, unfit for flight . . . oe boa ee ee . . Alca 348 
Oss. Many additional characters of these remarkable genera are given under their respective heads. 
76. Subfamily PHALERIDINA: Parrot Auks, etc. 
Characters as above. This subfamily contains a number of curious birds of the Auk 
family for which there is no single English name. With one exception (that of the Common 
Puffin or Sea Parrot of the Atlantic) all are confined to North Pacific and Polar waters. 
Without known exception (but qu. Ptychorhamphus ?) all these birds have the bill appendaged 
with deciduous elements, which is not the case with the Alcine proper; but the subfamily is 
not very sharply distinguished from Alcina, such forms as Ptychorhamphus and Alle being 
connecting links. The genera Fratercula and Lunda ave together so different from the rest 
that some authors separate them as a family Mormonide ; but this seems scarcely advisable.: 
837, FRATER'CULA. (Dimin. of frater, a brother: what application?) Sra Parrots. 
Masxine Purrins: the grotesque bill being likened to the comic mask of revellers at a 
carnival, and be- 
ing as it were put 
on for the nuptial 
festivities, and af- 
terward removed. 
Bill about as long 
as head, about as 
high as _ long, 
extremely com- 
pressed, with 
nearly _-vertical 
sides, its lateral 
profile somewhat 
triangular, its 
a depth at base 
Fie. 533. — Head of Sea Parrot (F. arctica), nat. size. (Ad nat..del. E. C.) equal to that of 
the head ; culmen beginning on a level with the forehead, thence curving downward with regular 
convexity to the overhanging tip, its ridge sharp and unbroken throughout ; commissure straight 
and horizontal to the decurved tip; gonys sharp, ascending, gently sinuous. Terminal portions 
of both mandibles hard, horny, and persistent, depressed with several oblique curved grooves, 
convex forward. Basal portion of upper mandible forming a narrow obtuse-angled triangular 
