869. 
870. 
345. 
871. 
814 SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS. — PYGOPODES. 
B. crave'rii? (To F. Craveri. Fig. 551.) CRAvERI’s MURRELET. Resembles the last; 
questionably distinct ; differs in having the under surface of the wing dark. L. California, 
both sides. - 
B. brachy'pterus? (Gr. Bpayus, brachus, short; mrépov, pteron, wing.) SHORT-WINGED 
Murreer. Tarsus said to be longer than middle toe. Bill about 4 as long as head 
Above, cinereous, the wings and tail ° 
blackish. Neck on sides and below, 
breast and belly white. Length 9.00. 
Unalashka. (This is the substance of 
Brandt’s original description. The al- 
leged species is unknown to me, and no 
specimens are known to exist in this 
country.) , 
U/RIA. (Gr. odpia, ouria, a kind of 
water fowl.) BiLack GuILLEmoTs. Bill 
much shorter than head, about equal to 
tarsus, straight, rather stout, moderately 
compressed ; culmen at first straight, then 
decurved; gape straight to near tip; 
gonys short, straight, ascending, about 4 Fic. 651. — Craveri’s Murrelet, nat. size. (From Elliot.) 
as long as culmen. No nick or groove near tip of upper mandible; its tomial edge scarcely 
inflected. Nasal fossee large and deep, partially filled with feathers which do not entirely 
cover the nostrils. Feathers salient in rounded outline on side of lower mandible. Tail little 
rounded, contained 2$ times in length of wing. Tarsus entirely reticulate, slightly shorter than 
middle toe without claw. Claws compressed, arched, acute, the outer grooved on outer side, 
the middle dilated on inner edge. No postocular furrow in plumage. Color black, relieved 
with white on head or wing, bill black, feet red; in winter, largely white. Eggs plural, 
colored. Three or four species. 
Analysis of Species. 
A large white mirror on wing above and below, entire ; no white about head e Pa Ss c grylle 871 
A large white mirror on wing above, partly divided; none below; no white about head . . . .columba 872 
No white mirror on wing; parts about eye and bill white . . . io s esas ee carbo 873 
U. grylle. (N. European name of the bird. Fig. 552.) Brack GuILLEMOT. SEA-PIGEON. 
Adult in full dress: Plumage sooty-black with a tint of “invisible” green ; wings and tail pure 
black ; former with u large white mirror on both surfaces; bill and claws black; mouth and 
feet carmine, vermilion or coral red; eyes brown 
This faultless dress-suit is only worn about twe 
months. In August, the wings and tail fade te 
© gray; the body-color loses the green gloss; the 
white mirror is soiled with brown. When the 
quills and tail-feathers have fallen, and new ones 
partly grown, the progress of the moult gives a 
new clean white mirror, smaller than in midsum- 
mer; head and neck all around, ruinp and under 
parts, marbled with black and white, the bird 
looking as if dusted over with flour ; back black, 
the feathers mostly edged with white. Completion of the moult gives the following winter 
plumage: Wings and tail black, the white mirror faultless; head and neck all around, rump 
and under parts, white; back and more or less of the hind neck and head black, variegated 
with white. Young in first plumage: Bill black, feet dusky reddish. Upper parts plumbeous 
Fig. 552. — Black Guillemot, nat. size. 
