FIFTY YEARS OF DARWINISM 11 



" The history of error is quite unimportant, but it is 

 curious to observe how exactly and accurately my 

 grandfather (in Zoonomia, Vol. I, p. 504, 1794!) gives 

 Lamarck's theory. I will quote one sentence. Speaking 

 of birds' beaks, he says : ' AU which seem to have been 

 gradually produced during many generations by the 

 perpetual endeavor of the creatures to supply the want 

 of food, and to have been delivered to their posterity 

 with constant improvement of them for the purposes 

 required.' Lamarck published Hist. Zoolog. in 1809. 

 The Zoonomia was translated into many languages." 



A careful comparison of the French transla- 

 tion of the Zoonomia with Lamarck's Philosophie 

 Zoologique and with a preliminary statement of 

 his views published in 1803, would probably de- 

 cide this interesting question. 



THE INFLUENCE OF LYELL UPON CHAELES 

 DARWIN 



The limits of space compel me to pass by the 

 youth of Charles Darwin, with the influence of 

 school, Edinburgh and Cambridge, including the 

 intimacy Ayith Henslow and Sedgwick — friend- 

 ships leading to his voyage in the Beagle^ an 

 event which more than any other determined his 

 whole career. We must also pass by his earliest 

 convictions on evolution, the first note-book begun 

 in 1837, the reading of Malthus and discovery of 

 Natural Selection in October, 1838, the imper- 

 fect sketch of 1842, the completed sketch of 1844. 



It is necessary, however, to pause for a brief 

 consideration of the influence of Sir Charles 



