EVOLUTION AND PSYCHOLOGY 259 



other processes going on in us that lack conscious- 

 ness, although they often resemble it in them- 

 selves and in their influence upon us, and which 

 can not be ignored because they often dominate 

 psychopathic symptoms and also our normal 

 lives. These are processes which become con- 

 scious only when associated with the ego-com- 

 plex. Many sudden choices, movements, feelings 

 of anger and fear, and many other experiences 

 -sometimes lack all intellectual motivation as 

 much as do melodic haunts. It is such states and 

 activities, possibly mediated by sub-cortical areas, 

 that irresistibly suggest past evolutionary stages 

 ■of mentation, and it is also this group of under- 

 lying processes that may put on and off suc- 

 cessive, conscious personahties as garments. It 

 is these deep yet dominant complexes that love, 

 hate, shape many currents of conduct, before con- 

 sciousness is aware of it, and which are constantly 

 reinforcing and approving or censuring what con- 

 jsciousness does. They suffer or rejoice sometimes 

 with, sometimes without, consciousness, which is 

 only their very imperfect instrument. Per- 

 haps nothing is ever fully conscious, while much 

 that takes place in us may be wholly unconscious. 

 To say Avith Raimann that " there is no uncon- 

 .scious knowledge " ; or with Hellpach that " psy- 

 chology deals only with consciousness," and that 

 " the unconscious can not be an object of knowl- 

 edge," is a form of psycho-physic parallelism that 

 -amounts to obscurantism; while to urge, as we 



