MODIFICATIONS OF CLAWS 65 
hind claws of the male are also toothed. In the main group of Aédes, in 
which the claws of the female are toothed, there is much diversity in the front 
and middle claws of the male. Thus in Aédes curriei and other forms the large 
claw of the front feet bears two teeth, the smaller claw one, while on the middle 
legs both claws bear a single tooth. In Aédes sylvestris both claws of the front 
feet bear a single tooth, while on the middle feet the large claw only is toothed. 
In Aédes fuscus only the large claw of the front and middle legs bears a tooth. 
In all the forms in which the hind claws of the female are toothed these are also 
toothed in the male, and, as in the female, of equal length. In Aédes calopus 
the female has toothed claws on the front and middle legs ; the male has a tooth 
on the large claw of the front feet only, the claws of the middle feet are simple 
but unequal. In the males of other forms of Aédes in which the claws of the 
female are simple, as Aédes fulvithorax, the large claw of the front and middle 
legs is toothed, the smaller one simple. The same is true of Mansonia per- 
turbans and other species of that genus. In Bancroftia the large claw of the 
front and middle legs of the male bears a single slender tooth near the middle, 
while the smaller tooth is simple. In the male of Megarhinus the larger claw 
of the front and middle feet bears a sharp tooth. In the male of Stegoconops 
capricorni both claws of the front feet bear a small tooth near the base; on the 
middle feet the large claw is simple, while the small one carries a tooth. The 
female of this species has toothed claws. Stegoconops albomaculatus, in which 
the claws of the female are simple, has the larger claw of the front and middle 
feet of the male armed with a single tooth while the smaller claw is simple. In 
Culiseta, where again the female claws are unarmed, the male has the claws of 
the front and middle legs toothed, the larger claw bearing two teeth, the smaller 
a single one. 
In the genus Deinocerites the tendency in the male claws is towards sim-- 
plicity. In Deinocerites cancer and D. melanophylum the claws of the front and 
middle legs are unequal in the male, the larger claw toothed, the smaller simple. 
In Deinocerites troglodytus the claws of the front and middle feet of the male 
are large but equal; both claws are toothed on the front feet, on the middle feet 
only one of them. In Deinocerites pseudes, finally, all the claws of the male are 
simple and equal; those of the front feet, however, are very large and sickle- 
shaped. In the male of Uranotenia all the claws are simple; those of the front 
legs are equal; the middle feet, however, have a single, large, strongly hooked 
claw which is inserted beneath, behind the apex of the tarsus. 
In Anopheles the claws of the,front feet only are modified in the male. There 
is one large claw with a tooth at the middle and another laterally at the base. 
The second claw is rudimentary and, with the empodium, inserted some distance 
behind the large claw. Theobald figures the large claw of Anopheles grabhamit 
without basal tooth; there is, however, a well-developed basal tooth in this, as 
in all the other species of Anopheles we have examined. In the closely related 
Celodiazesis barberi the small claw, together with the empodium, is placed well 
forward near the large claw; it is, however, very small and strongly curved. The 
large claw has an additional smaller basal tooth on the side opposite the other 
one. 
