254 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA 
results than had been obtained at Laredo, the scale of operations at the same 
time being very much greater. The presence of yellow fever in the city of New 
Orleans was first recognized about the 12th of July, 1905. The plan of cam- 
paign, adopted by the Board of Health under Dr. Quitman Kohnke from the 
beginning, was based on the recognition of the mosquito conveyance of the dis- 
ease and was directed against Aédes calopus. Dr. Kohnke had, in fact, for some 
time previously, been one of the foremost physicians in the South to preach 
mosquito destruction. For more than two years he had been doing everything 
in his power to secure the screening of the numerous cisterns, and to induce the 
city to adopt other necessary measures, but without success. Available funds 
to combat the epidemic were rapidly exhausted, and on the 12th of August the 
Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service was put in charge of the situation 
and provided with means. Dr. J. H. White, of the service, had complete com- 
mand. By that time the increase in the new cases and deaths rendered it prac- 
tically certain that the disease was as wide-spread as during the terrible epidemic 
of 1878. There had been up to that time 142 deaths from a total of 913 cases, 
as against 152 deaths from a total of 519 cases in 1878. The work for the rest 
of the summer was continued with great energy under Dr. J. H. White, and the 
measures were based almost entirely upon a warfare against the yellow-fever 
mosquito. The disease began almost immediately to abate, and the result at 
the close of the season indicated 460 deaths, as against 4046 in 1878, a virtual 
saving of over 3500 lives. 
The following table of deaths from yellow fever in New Orleans from 1847 to 
1905 points out strikingly the value of this anti-mosquito work: 
Comparative table of deaths from yellow fever in New Orleans during various 
years. 
Year 
Month. 
1847, | 1848. | 1853. | 1854. | 1855. | 1858. | 1867. | 1878. | 1905. 
MOY esc ss caucrandeieenccs s lesgeak eens 2 i'l eiierecsdce| Sn o.e Sea. Monae [sce ace g: alle yinae we eceveees 
PBUGs ga sae i HERERO EK oad vee hee 4 31 2 5 2 il akved| eew'eas 
July......... 74 33 | 1,521 29 882] 132 11 26 35 
August eee] 965 200 | 5,138 532 | 1,286] 1,140} 255 1,025 236 
September,.............. 1,100] 467] 982) 1,234 874 | 2,204 | 1,637 | 1,780 107 
October sis. cciccs ten sivaceae 198 126] 147] 490 97 | 1,187 | 1,072 | 1,065 59 
Nove Der. «case ey exedeas 12 20 28 181 19 224 1038 147 23 
December: cssecayaveewcan 10 |: wewns 4 7 q 15 26 2 levees 
Months unknown......... 445 Alf sd cree hilo srarstaei asa cer ltacdeasecer sil iateesisies Talargerctel| seeuiee 
POtAl «. é.0e.0:% case siececoie 2,804 | 872 | 7,848 | 2,425 | 2,670 | 4,854 | 8,107 | 4,046 460 
The epidemics of 1848, 1854, and 1855 are least comparable with that of 1905 
because they immediately succeeded severe epidemics to which were due very 
many immunes. 
The population of New Orleans by the United States Census was 130,565 in 
1850 ; 168,675 in 1860; 191,418 in 1870; 216,090 in 1880, and 287,104 in 1900. 
