CAMPHOR-PHENOL 369 
ago a man in Hawaii patented an appliance for producing this volatilization 
which is all that can be wished for. The powder is placed on a brass or other 
metal screen above the chimney of a kerosene lamp, the idea being to dissipate 
the vapor of the volatile oil. According to Mr. Henshaw the effect of this 
method is most remarkable. “Besides being very economical in powder there 
is only a very slight odor perceptible and that is not at all unpleasant. The 
effect on the mosquitoes is immediate and all that can be wished for. They 
simply clear out.” Another method of burning the powder that has often been 
employed by the writer consists in puffing it from an insufflator into a burning 
gas jet. This is a simple method where gas is used for illuminating purposes 
and produces a vapor that suffocates all mosquitoes and other insects that may 
be in the room. 
While pyrethrum has been mainly used as a means of clearing living-rooms 
of mosquitoes, and has ordinarily been burned in the rooms while they were 
occupied, it has also come into use in the extensive fumigation of houses in cases 
of epidemics of yellow fever, in the effort to rid houses of mosquitoes and to 
destroy all mosquitoes hibernating in cellars, attics, or disused rooms of resi- 
dences, as well as similarly hibernating mosquitoes in barns and outhouses. 
While reasonably effective for such purposes it does not seem to be as effective 
as some of the other substances to be mentioned later and at the same time it is 
more expensive. 
As to the quantity to be used, the regulations of the Board of Health of New 
Orleans, adopted May 25, 1903, specify the burning of 4 ounces of pyrethrum 
powder to 1000 cu. ft. of space, but the President of the Board, Dr. Edmond 
Souchon, a little less than a year later wrote to the U. 8S. Marine-Hospital 
Service that this quantity was found insufficient for thorough work, and that 1 
pound of the powder to every 1000 cubic feet of space is necessary. As a matter 
of fact, however, the New Orleans Board of Health abandoned pyrethrum about 
that time on account of the fact that the fumes do not kill mosquitoes but simply 
stupefy them, so that they have to be brushed up and burned. Not willing to 
run the slightest chance of having mosquitoes survive by escaping destruction 
after being stupefied, the Board decided to use sulphur fumes in preference. 
Nevertheless, on account of the fact that the fumes are not noxious to human 
beings, there still remains a decided use for pyrethrum in everyday work in 
mosquito-inhabited regions. 
MIMMS CULICIDE OR CAMPHOR-PHENOL. 
During a yellow fever outbreak in New Orleans, in the summer of 1905, a Mr. 
Mimms, a chemist of New Orleans, invented a mosquito fumigant which was 
experimented with rather extensively and found to give good results. It was 
made of equal parts by weight of carbolic acid crystals and gum camphor. The 
acid crystals were melted over a gentle heat and poured slowly over the gum, 
resulting in the absorption of the camphor and a final clear, somewhat volatile, 
liquid with rather an agreeable odor. This liquid is permanent and may be 
kept for some time in tight jars. In fumigation work 3 oz. of this mixture is 
