436 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA 
The later developments of the work in the Mexican Republic under Doctor 
Liceaga’s leadership have been remarkable. In the American Journal of Public 
Hygiene, new series, volume vi, No. 1 (February, 1910), is published Doctor 
Liceaga’s “ Annual Report on Yellow Fever in the Mexican Republic, from Au- 
gust 16, 1908, to date,” a paper read before the American Public Health Asso- 
ciation at Richmond, Va., October, 1909. The following paragraphs concluding 
this report will give an idea of the excellent results which have followed the 
work of the sanitary officials in Mexico: 
“The campaign against Yellow Fever, which commenced in the Mexican 
Republic in the year 1903, has continued uninterrupted up to this date, without 
even suspending it during the Winter months as is done in other countries ; that 
the war on the mosquitoes is so efficacious that there are none left in Veracruz, 
and consequently, there are no stegomyas, as demonstrated by the reports ren- 
dered by the physician of the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service of the 
United States, who is resident in that Port. 
“The cases which have been observed in Merida and surrounding villages, 
arise from the existence in that city of over thirty thousand water tanks which 
could not be so easily and securely watched as those of Veracruz. 
“In the entire section which was formerly devastated by Yellow Fever we 
continue to canalize the deposits of standing water and to fill up the hollows, as 
well ss to spread oil on all those ponds which cannot be otherwise filled in or 
covered. 
“We continue to fumigate the dwelling houses, workshops, schools, etc., in 
which we have encountered either cases of Yellow Fever or any suspected cases. 
“ We continue the surveillance over the passengers who travel by rail in any 
part of the region which formerly suffered from Yellow Fever, and this service 
is especially active along the line of the Tehuantepec Railroad. 
“In the ports of Coatzacoalcos, on the Gulf Coast and Salina Cruz on the 
Pacific, it is nearly four years since a single case of Yellow Fever was observed.” 
WORK IN JAPAN. 
Work in Japan, under Surgeon Major Tsuzuki, as early as 1901, confirmed 
experimentally the malarial relations of Anopheles, and later a large-scale ex- 
periment was carried on among the Japanese troops occupying Formosa, which, 
on account of its large scale, served to set at rest any doubts which had previously 
existed as to the value of mosquito protection. Portions of Formosa are mala- 
rious, and the following table indicates the conditions existing among the troops 
from 1897 to 1900, before there had been any control work in the modern sense: 
The number | The number | Ratio of pa- Ratio of 
of patients of deaths tients death 
Per cent Per cent 
1897 41,825 267 272.485 1.739 
1898 34,752 270 249 394 1.938 
1899 29,371 284 221.263 2.189 
1900 830, 224 272 222.414 2.002 
From the 21st of September, 1901, to the 28th of February, 1902, work based 
on the mosquito theory was carried on by order of the Governor of Formosa, 
