24¢ Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18 
Empetrum nigrum, Pyrola grandiflora, Ledum palustre, Cassiope tetragona, 
Vaccinium caespitosum, Primula borealis, Polemonium boreale, Pedicularis lanata, 
P. capitata, Lagotis glauca var. Stelleri, Artemisia comata, Senecio atropurpureus 
var. subdiscoideus, Saussurea angustifolia. (Plate III, fig. 1, and Plate I, fig. 2) 
The absence of Carex is noticeable. : 
It has been mentioned that the vegetation on the ridges and bluffs and in 
the river beds is a little different from that of the surrounding lower tundra. 
Certain plant species seem to prefer such localities and are found in greater 
numbers there, even if the vegetation is otherwise rather scanty. Similarly,. 
certain plants seem to prefer the minor elevations or so-called “owl sites” on the 
low tundra. The vegetation on these is in general unusually luxuriant, perhaps 
owing to the fertilizing influence of the various animals which frequent them. 
The following plants I observed as common and characteristic for the 
higher tundra ridges and the bluffs back of Camden bay, viz.: Equisetum arvense, 
Lycopodium Selago, various grasses, Lloydia serotina, Salix pulchra, S. rotundi- 
folia, Betula glandulosa, Oxyria digyna, Silene acaulis, Papaver nudicaule, Dryas 
integrifolia, Potentilla emarginata, Lupinus nootkatensis, Phaca frigida, Oxytropis 
nigrescens, Cassiope tetragona, Primula borealis, Pedicularis arctica, Lagotis 
glauca var. Stelleri, Petasites frigida. 
Among the plants on the rather barren clay and gravel banks in and along 
the river beds near the coast at Camden bay the following are the most dom- 
inating, viz.: Salix pulchra, Oxyria digyna, Silene acaulis, Papaver nudicaule, 
Parrya macrocarpa, Potentilla emarginata, Oxytropis nigrescens. 
As mentioned above, the small hummocks or so-called ‘‘owl sites’’ on the 
coastal tundra plain have generally a luxuriant vegetation. There is, however, 
no marked difference between the character and composition of the plants there 
and of those covering and forming the tussocks or so-called “nigger heads” 
which are so typical and common a feature of the tundra especially at a little 
distance from the coast. The plants noticed on the “owl sites’ at Camden 
bay, besides lichens and mosses, were as follows: Carex misandra, Luzula spicata, 
Salix pulchra, S. rotundifolia, Cerastium alpinum, Stellaria humifusa, Ranunculus 
nivalis, Draba alpina, Saxifraga tricuspidata, S. bronchialis, Dryas integrifolia, 
Potentilla nivea, Pyrola grandiflora, Ledum palustre, Vaccinium caespitosum. 
The Upland Tundra 
Sadlerochit river... The general character of the vegetation on the slopes 
and tops of the rolling hills along the Sadlerochit river back of Camden bay is the 
same as on the Coastal plain nearer the sea. Besides lichens and mosses, the 
dominating plants are species belonging to the families of Graminee, Cyperacee, 
Salicaceew, Carvophyllacez, Saxifragaces, Crucifere, Rosacee, Papilionacee, 
Ericacex, Scrophulariacee, and Composite. LE pilobiwm latifolium and Artemisia 
sp. are typical plants on the sand flats and gravel bars in the river beds, 
while Juncus Haenkwi, Carex stans, and C. compacta occur in inundated places. 
On the higher “islands” and on the lower part of the adjoining slopes there is a 
luxuriant and typical tundra vegetation with Betula glandulosa, Polygonum 
Bistorta, Empetrum nigrum, Pyrola grandiflora, Ledum palustre, Vaccinium 
Vitis-cdaea var. pumilum, Saussurea angustifolia, and many others, while Salix 
Richardsonit attains more than arm thickness and man height. Higher up on 
the slopes large patches of Alopecurus alpinus, Arctagrostis latifolia, Anemone 
Driunmondii, Papaver nudicaule, Saxifraga decipiens var. groenlandica, Androsace 
Chamaejasme, and Aster sibiricus grow in sandy places, while Ranunculus sp., 
Sazifraga Neisoniana, Casstope tetragona, Pedicularis sp., and Petasites frigida 
prefer more moist localities. The tops of the hills have a more scarce vege- 
tation, with Silene acaulis, Saxifraga tricuspidata, S. oppositifolia, Dryas octo- 
petala, D. integrifolia, Potentilla sp., and Rhododendron lapponicum as the most 
1 Observations made in Noy. 1913. 
