Herschel Island 25¢ 
typical and common flowering plants. Besides lichens and mosses, Alsine 
arctica, Saxifraga tricuspidata, and S. flagellaris are typical plants growing on 
the cliff sides exposed here.and there along the river and its tributaries. 
Collinson point. The upland at Collinson point, according to observations 
made in March and June, 1914, is composed of gravel hills and ridges of a very 
uniform appearance intersscted by creeks, inland going over into level plains 
forming a table-land with sharply marked creck valleys, and stretching back 
to the Plateau. West of Collinson point, through undulating ridges of gravel 
or tundra bluffs, it goes gradually over into the low coastal part of the plain. 
Generally speaking, the vegetation, apart from the many lichens on loose stones, 
is much more scarce on the upland than at the coast. It attains its best develop- 
ment in the bottom and on the slopes of the creek valleys, with Graminez, 
Cyperacee, and Salicacee predominating. A typical and common plant, 
which is less frequently met with at the coast, is Cassiope tetragona. It occurs 
especially between the “nigger heads” of the tundra and in depressions on more 
gravelly soil where the spring moisture is retained. Where the transition zone 
between the more barren upland and the coastal region is composed of tundra, 
the latter often contains many “nigger heads,’’ and on and between them the 
vegetation, with Lupinus, Eriophorum, Saxifraga, etc., often attains a still 
more luxuriant growth than nearer the sea. 
East of Collinson point the tundra upland comes very close to the sea in the 
form of rolling gravel hills with broad creek valleys. The latter often have 
extensive swamps near the mouth, and the vegetation, represented by Graminez, 
Cyperacer, Salix Richardsonit, Ranunculus sp., etc., attains a great develop- 
ment. Farther inland the valley goes over into tundra slopes with “nigger 
heads” and arich vegetation. These slopes merge gradually into hills composed 
of stony clay, sand, or gravel, which mostly are without any vegetation to speak 
of except in the creek beds and here and there on south-facing slopes. Typical 
plants on these more barren bluffs of clay or sand are Sazifraga tricuspidata and 
Anemone parviflora, the former growing in sharply defined “bunches,”’ the latter 
in small patches among grass in more protected pockets where the ground is 
damp. 
Konganevik. Typical plants on the tundra bluffs facing the large lakes 
inland at Konganevik are Lloydia serotina, Primula borealis, Pedicularis hirsuta, 
and P. arctica, the two first ones growing in clusters especially in protected places, 
the two last ones more scattered. Lycopodium Selago, Silene acaulis, Saxifraga 
oppositifolia, Dryas integrifolia, and Cassiope tetragona are also very common 
and typical plants on the bluffs inland. 
There is often a considerable difference in the development of the vege- 
tation on the north and south sides of the bluffs, the former being much the 
poorest, except in well protected pockets. Owing to the less open character of 
the country, the vegetation on the upland seems to develop a little earlier in 
the season than nearer the coast. 
HERSCHEL ISLAND 
The vegetation of Herschel island is unusually luxuriant, considering the 
latitude, except for barren patches found here and there. Judging from the 
information available, the vegetation of the coastal plateau on the mainland 
opposite, Stokes’ point and eastward, is of a similar character and is represented 
by the same species of plants, so enthusiastically commented upon by the 
various travellers who have been there during the height of the summer.! In 
the following I shall, however, limit myself to a description of the vegetation of 
en eee en te a Cea ne Suns ere Noi 
ingle point by J. R. Cox and J. J. O’Neill (J. M. Macoun and Theo. Holm, Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedi- 
and at Sniey, Tote; Part A: Vascular Plants, Ottawa, 1921.) 
