Herschel Island 27 ¢ 
The grassy swamps which form the origin of the creeks inland at the “divide” 
have, where the ground is less wet, as their most typical plants Gramines and 
Cyperacee, Salix reticulata, Aconitum delphiniifolium, Cardamine pratensis, 
Saxifraga cernua, Valeriana capitata, besides many of the plants mentioned in 
the preceding paragraph. On the parts of the swamps which surround eventual 
ponds are found, in addition, Dupontia Fischeri, Stellaria longipes var. Edwardsit, 
Chrysosplenium alternifolium var. tetrandrum, Potentilla palustris, and Vaccinium 
Vitis-idaea, all but the grass interwoven with moss, etc., while the ponds them- 
selves have a rich vegetation with Arctophila effusa, Eriophorum Scheuchzeri, 
Carex, Caltha palustris forma radicans, Ranunculus Purshii, Hippuris vulgaris 
var. maritima, and Sphagnum fuscum as the dominant plants.’ 
On the top of the hills, say above 300 feet, most of the plants found on dry 
elay ground at the foot of the hills occur, the soil being of the same character. 
Extensive bare patches are met with; the grasses are more dominant than at a 
less elevation, and a very uniform, typical dry-ground trundra vegetation 
occurs. It is composed of lichens, mosses, willows, Dryas, Cassiope, and 
other very hardy plants less common below, while certain other plants, for 
instance Betula glandulosa, Empetrum nigrum, Ledum palustre, Vaccinium 
caespitosum, are exclusively found up here or mainly so, among the latter being 
also Polygonum Bistorta. On the other hand, certain of the plants from the 
lowland, e.g. Cerastium, Aconitum, Papaver, Saxifraga, Sieversia, Lupinus, 
Polemonium, Petasites, ete., may occur at surprisingly high altitudes and are 
found on isolated hummocks where the latter are sheltered by small clay bluffs. 
Taken as a whole, the vegetation on Herschel island is uniform from the 
beach to the hill tops, and the types of vegetation, which have been briefly 
outlined, generally intergrade. 
The following plants have been collected by Rev. I. O. Stringer? on Herschel 
island but not observed by myself, viz.: Halianthus peploides, Lychnis apetala, 
Delphinium scopulorum var. glaucum, Anemone Richardsonit, Ranunculus 
hyperboreus, R. occidentalis var. robustus, Draba alpina, D. nivalis, Potentilla 
nivea, P. Vahliana, Oxytropis nigrescens, Hedysarum alpinum var. americanum, 
Primula borealis, Aster sibiricus. 
The following, collected by the Gjéa expedition’? on Herschel island, were 
observed there neither by Rev. Stringer nor by myself, viz.: Poa pratensis, 
Glyceria distans, Festuca rubra var. arenaria, Carex rupestris, Salix arctica?, 
Thlaspi alpestre var. purpurascens, Cochlearta officinalis var. groenlandica, 
Astragalus eucosmus, Oxytropis Roaldi, Polemonium boreale, Pedicularis arctica, 
Arnica alpina, Senecio lugens, Taraxacum eurylepium. 
Concerning the vegetation of the part of Mackenzie delta lying north of the 
woods, I refer to Vol. III, Pt. K., p. 16, and to the plants collected by Rev. 
Isaac O. Stringer as recorded in Vol. V, Pt. A. 
1See Plate IT, fig. 2, in Vol. IV, Pt. A, and Plate I, fig. 2, in vol. VII, Pt. N., of these reports. 
2 J, M. Macoun and Theo. Holn?, 1. ¢. 
iC. Ostenfeld, 1. ¢. 
