34¢ Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-18 
temperature of the water in grassy bights at the shore of the lake was 51°F., and 
a pond near the lake had a temperature of 46°F., with the air 39°F. (at 5 p.m.). 
In 1916, the maximum temperatures for the first half of June were all 
between 30°F. and 48°F., but the weather was mostly overcast, with occasional 
rain and colder than the corresponding period in 1915. The reverse was how- 
ever the case in the latter half of the month; owing to predominant easterly or 
southerly winds the weather was warmer in 1916 than in 1915. Thus the 
maximum temperatures for June 17-21 were between 49°I’. and 65°F., and on 
June 22, the next warmest day of the year, the thermometer even rose to 76°F. 
Apart from an occasional shower the weather continued clear the last week of 
the month, with maximum temperatures between 55°F. and 59°F. 
In the month of July, 1915, the minimum temperature rose to 40°F. or 
above only on four days; the maximum temperature rose to 55°F. or above on 
eight days. The minimum temperature for the month was registered on July 
30th, with 30-5°F., and the maximum on July 23rd, with 75-5°F. In the first 
week of the month flower buds were observed on Epilobtum latifolium and 
Salix reticulata, and on the 12th Elymus mollis began to head out. 
The first half of July, 1915, had minimum temperatures ranging between 
32°F. and 47°F., while the maximum temperatures for the first eleven days 
were between 43°F. and 56°F. During the latter period the weather was 
mostly clear, with occasional fog or rain. July 12-14 were very warm, the 
maximum temperatures being 74-75°F., with clear or overcast weather, so that 
all the land around Bernard harbour became free of snow and the large lakes 
free of ice.! Particularly the smaller ponds were beginning to dry up through 
evaporation. The maximum temperatures for July 15-22 were between 46°F. 
and 65°F., the last day being the warmest, with mostly overcast and windy 
weather and with occasional showers. July 23 was the warmest day of the 
whole summer (75-5°F.), but the last week of the month the maximum tempera- 
ture dropped to between 36° F. and 60°F.; the weather was mostly rainy or 
windy. The minimum temperatures for the last half of the month were between 
30°F. and 48°F. 
For July, 1916, observations are available for only the first two weeks. 
The maximum temperatures for the first week were between 48°F. and 62°F., and 
for the second week between 60°F. and 77°F., July 7-9 having the warmest 
weather recorded for the summer, the maximum temperatures ranging from 
72°F. to 77°F. The weather was mostly clear and calm, but some days windy 
and with occasional showers. Owing to the prevalence of easterly and south- 
erly winds the weather during the first half of July, 1916, was warmer than ‘the 
corresponding period, 1915. 
Observations on the weather in the month of August, 1915, show that the 
minimum temperature rose to 40°F. only on one day and that it dropped as 
low as 28-4°F., the latter being registered on the last day of the month. The 
maximum temperature reached 56°F. or more on four days, the highest tempera- 
ture being reached on August 18th with 68-3°F. In the first week of the month 
1915 many of the shallower ponds were dried up, and the large creek contained 
so little water that its mouth had no connection with the sea. Water was only 
found in it as pools here and there at deeper places or as streams intersecting 
the gravel bed and Carex swamps. The lakes became quite free of ice during 
the month, and the smaller ones much reduced in size by evaporation. 
In August, 1915, the vegetation was so well established in its summer stage 
that the daily differences in the weather had little influence unless the minimum 
temperature fell below freezing, which happened the ten last days of the month. 
About half of the days of the month were clear and the other half overcast 
with light winds. Rain or fog prevailed on ten days during the first three 
weeks, and Aug. 21 had intermittent snow. 
1 See Plate IX, fig. 2, in Vol. III, Pt. K, and Plate IV, fig. 1, in Vol. VII, Pt. E, of these reports. 
