386¢ Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18 
growth and the often big tussocks are used by eider ducks as nesting places. 
Otherwise only patches and tufts of plants are found here and there and, gen- 
erally speaking, the vegetation is rather scarce and stinted, except in the shelter 
of groups of rock or in similar situations (Plate X, fig. 1). 
On July 15, 1916, a number of plants were collected. The few shallow 
water-hole ponds still holding water were almost filled with the submerged 
Ranunculus hyperboreus, mosses, and green algae. The mossy bogs repre- 
senting former water-holes had a scattered growth of Cantharellus muscigenus 
and Ulothrix tenerrima on top of the moss cover, with Senecio palustris, at the 
time of my visit in beginning bloom, as a typical plant among the moss (Plate 
X, fig. 2.) 
Besides lichens and mosses, by far the commonest plants on the island 
were Glyceria vilfoidea, Poa hispidula, and Potentilla pulchella, together with the 
common beach plants Stellaria humifusa, Cochlearia groenlandica, and Sazifraga 
rivularis. Less common were patches of Alopecurus alpinus and Salix anglorum. 
Of the latter generally several prostate individuals were growing together; they 
were not nearly so spreading as on the mainland. Cerastium alpinum, a Draba 
sp., and Sazifraga decipiens var. groenlandica also occurred; of Silene acaulis, 
Papaver nudicaule, and Dryas integrifolia only a few specimens were found. 
It was interesting to note the absence of certain plants, e.g., Anenome, 
Pedicularis, Leguminosae, etc., common on the mainland nearby; this is probably 
due to the exposed situation of the island and to the small amount of good soil 
on it. 
Islands in the outer harbour at Bernard harbour 
The islands in the outer harbour are composed of gravel, sand, and 
boulders, and vary in size and character from the low boulder reef without any 
vegetation at all, not even lichens, situated at the entrance to the outer harbour, 
to the larger and higher island at the entrance to the inner harbour which may 
be considered a continuation of the mainland points north and south of it. 
Of the three smaller islands between the west point of Chantry island and 
the mainland opposite I examined most closely the largest and most eastern 
one, the so-called Uloqsaq island. It is composed entirely of gravel and rock 
debris with many boulders along its higher part and on the steeper south side. 
A few temporary pools formed of melt-water, the largest of which is on the 
flat west end, are found on the island; they are quite dry in July. On the higher 
half of the island lichens are common on the stones but otherwise the vegetation 
is very poor. Except on the beach, where Elymus mollis, Stellaria  sp., 
Hatianthus peploides, Mertensia maritima, etc., grow, plants occur only around 
water-pool depressions where especially Salix anglorwm is characteristic, and 
in shelter of the bigger boulders on the highest parts of the island where in 
certain places are found grasses, Carex species, Stellaria longipes, Silene acaulis, 
Papaver nudicaule, Draba sp., Saxifraga oppositifolia, S. tricuspidata, Potentilla 
sp., etc. It was observed that a number of plants, such as Dryas integrifolia, 
Androsace Chamaejasme, etc., which are common on the mainland and on Chantry 
island, do not occur on this smaller island. 
The gravel island off the mouth of the fishing creek east of the harbour has 
no rock exposures either, though it has several boulders. The vegetation is 
very poor. Apart from the lichens on the stones on the higher part of the island 
it is found as patches here and there along the beach, consisting of Elymus 
mollis, Carex sp. (subspathacea?) and Stellaria sp. Around the big boulders 
these three species attain their greatest development and occur as large pillows. 
A grass, a Draba, and a Potentilla species are also found, together with lichens 
and mosses. A number of plants common on the mainland are not found on the 
island. 
The island at the entrance to the inner harbour is separated by a narrow, 
tortuous channel up to 12 feet deep from the point of the mainland south of it, 
