Islands at Bernard Harbour 37 C 
and by a wider channel less than 3 feet deep from the point of the mainland 
north of it. Especially along the west side of the island limestone beds crop 
out nearly at the surface of the water. They are almost dry at low tide and 
fall off steeply to the deeper water of the middle of the inner harbour. On the 
island proper, which is about 25 feet high, no outcrops of bedrock are to be 
seen; it is composed of limestone and other rock fragments, with many boulders 
scattered over it or assembled at certain places. Generally speaking, the north 
side of the island has the rock debris quite to the sea, with gravel patches here 
and there, while the south and west sides have gravelly slopes and a beach. 
On the west side the beach is sandy. Owing to the nature of the soil and to the 
exposed situation of the island, the vegetation is very poor when compared to 
that of the mainland about a hundred yards away. Over large areas there is 
nothing but lichens on the stones and a few, scattered pillows of grass, Alsine 
verna var. rubella, Silene acaulis, Papaver nudicaule, Saxifraga oppositifolia. 
In depressions and in the shelter of big boulders a few additional plants are 
found, viz.: Salix anglorum, Cerastium alpinum, Saxifraga tricuspidata, Dryas 
integrifolia, Potentilla sp., Oxytropis sp., Artemisia sp., which sometimes form 
extensive pillows. On the gravelly west side the vegetation is best developed, 
especially near the sandy beach where there is most protection from the pre- 
vailing northeast winds. Besides the plants mentioned above, I noticed there 
Elymus mollis, Lychnis apetala, Stellaria longipes var. Edwardsit, Cochlearia 
groenlandica, Saxifraga rivularis, Androsace Chamaejasme, Erigeron compositus. 
There is also a fair vegetation in the swampy depressions which surround the 
temporary collections of melt-water in the middle and higher part of the 
island. There I found, in addition to the plants mentioned above, Glycerza sp. 
Festuca rubra var. arenaria, Carex sp., Oxyria digyna, Pedicularis lanata. 
Chantry island 
Chantry island is about 85 feet high. It consists of dolomite, mostly covered 
by fragments, gravel, and vegetation, but cropping out in the higher part of the 
middle of the island and on the south side. The higher parts on the north and 
west sides of the island are rather barren, except for lichens on the rocks, and 
the vegetation occurs mainly in depressions and in the shelter of large boulders. 
The east and south sides of the island, however, have a rather good vegetation. 
Beside the dozen or more ponds scattered over the island, there are many 
temporary melt-water collections, which are dry in July, occupying depressions 
on the terraces from the beach up to the highest parts of the island. As the 
ponds dry out in the course of the summer, extensive swamps appear around 
them or take their place (Plate XII). 
My observations on the island in the summer season are limited to a day 
in the middle of June, 1916, when Salix anglorum and Saxifraga oppositifolia 
were the only plants in bloom. I collected all the different plants I saw, but 
the time at my disposal was too short for a detailed examination of the vegetation 
on this large island. Generally speaking, however, the vegetation is very 
similar to that of the mainland, though some more inland species, for instance 
Salix pulchra, Rhododendron lapponicum, Arnica alpina, seem to be missing. 
The following flowering-plants were collected, viz.: Poa sp., Elymus mollis, 
Carex pulla, C. misandra, Salix anglorum, Silene acaulis, Lychnis apetala, Cerast- 
ium alpinum, Stellaria sp., Draba spp., Saxifraga oppositifolia, S. tricuspidata, 
Dryas integrifolia, Potentilla spp., Astragalus sp., Oxytropis spp., Statice Armeria 
forma sibirica, Pedicularis lanata, P. capitata, Artemisca sp. 
Mainland at Bernard Harbour 
Topography. From an unexplored “hinterland,” higher land consisting of 
boulder-strewn hills of sand and gravel, with dolomite bedrock cropping out 
here and there, comes down to the coast in the shape of generally continuous 
