40 c Canadian Arcitc Expedition, 1913-18 
plants in the latter region; and this holds good also for a description of the 
vegetation at Bernard harbour. On the other hand it has also been mentioned, 
in the preceding paragraph, that certain beach plants, viz.: Elymus and Statice, 
typical of sandy places and gravelly beaches respectively, are found farther back 
from the shore where suitable places are available. The most typical plants of 
the transition region between the beach and the coast beyond it are perhaps the 
following, viz.: Alopecurus alpinus, Calamagrostts purpurascens, Poa arctica, 
Festuca ovina var. brevifolia, Elymus mollis, Carex spp., Salix anglorum, Stellaria 
longipes var. Edwardsii, Cerastium alpinum, Draba spp., Sisymbrium sophioides 
(only on certain humniocks), Saxifraga tricuspidata, Dryas integrifolia, Potentilla 
spp., Astragalus alpinus, Oxytropis spp., Androsace Chamaejasme, Gentiana 
propingua, Plantago lanceolata, Erigeron compositus, Artemisia spp., Taraxacum 
sp. (Plates VII-IX) 
The best represented family is Gramineae, and one of its members, Alo- 
pecurus alpinus, may be considered the most typical plant of the transition 
region. It is almost exclusively limited to it and occurs particularly on sandy 
ground, where it generally grows in large patches. The same may perhaps be 
said of the more obscure Stellaria longipes var. Edwardsiz, which grows more as 
single plants, while Salix anglorum is easily the mcst conspicuous of them all, 
owing to its large size and far-spreading growth. (Plate VII, fig. 2). The 
other plants, except Gentiana and Sisymbrium, are just as common on drier, 
sandy or gravelly ground at a greater distance from the beach. 
In proceeding to describe the vegetation inside the beach region a few words 
may first be said about the vegetation in and around the lakes and ponds. 
In the first place, true lagoons or lagoon ponds, so characteristic a feature 
of the Alaskan Arctic coast, are not found at Bernard harbour, except perhaps 
some miles northwest of it on the low coast around Cockburn point, though even 
there the beach is much more stony than sandy. Apart from the big, deep 
lake! near the beach just south of the station, and the partly formed lagoons at 
the outlets of the creek in the bays south of it, there is only one other body of 
water of marine origin at Bernard harbour, namely the small brackish pond 
situated south of the creek outlet west of the station. This pond has already 
been described in another report? and it is therefore sufficient to say, in this 
connection, that it contains no other vegetation than green algae and the minute 
Carex subspathacea, the latter mainly as a dense growth, excluding other plants 
and forming the marsh around the pond. 
The plants occurring in the many ponds and lakes at Bernard harbour are 
the same as those described from the coast farther west. Apart from algae, 
mosses, and typical, submerged plants such as Batrachiwm confervoides and 
Hippuris vulgaris var. maritima, the vegetation in the water is mainly made up 
of plants spreading out into it from the surrounding tundra swamp, though 
certain species, for instance Hquisetum variegatum, certain species of grasses and 
Carex, Eriophorum angustifolium, E. Scheuchzerit, Cardamine pratensis, seem 
to thrive best when partially submerged and are not found any distance from the 
water.’ The genus Juncus is very poorly represented at Bernard harbour; I 
only found a few plants, representing J. triglumis, J. arcticus, J. biglumis, in 
the swampy places on the slopes facing the large creek west of the station. 
Caltha palustris forma radicans and Ranunculus Pallaszi, which are very typical 
plants in the tundra ponds at Camden bay, were not observed at Bernard har- 
bour. Onthe other hand Parnassia Kotzebuei may be termed a plant typical of 
the moist, stony places along the creeks and lakes at Bernard harbour; it was 
not observed along the coast farther west, except on Herschel island. 
The outlet of the large creek from the big, shallow lake has the form of a 
deep, wide channel with muddy bottom, cutting through extensive tundra 
1 See fig. 3, p. 6,in vol. VII, Pt. E, Plate III, fig. 2,in Vol. VII, Pt. N, and fig. 1, p. 5, Vol. IV, Pt. A, of these 
rts 
2 Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, Vol. VII, Part, N. Ottawa, 1923, (Plate II, fig. 2) 
3 See Plate I, fig. 2, in Vol. IV, Pt. A, and Plate II, fig. 1, in Vol. VII, Pt. N, of these reports. 
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