56 c Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18 
Erigeron uniflorus 
Erigeron compositus 
Chrysanthemum integrifolium 
Artemisia hyperborea 
Arnica alpina 
Senecio palustris var. congestus 
Senecio lugens 
Taraxacum lyratum 
Crepis nana 
To the above plants should be added those collected by Dr. J. Rae on 
Wollaston land south of cape Baring and west of Long. 110°W., about seventy 
years ago. 
No spruce occurs upon Victoria island and the willows have the prostrate 
form usual in the Arctic, except in protected river beds and gullies where they 
attain the size of shrubbery and, very rarely, of small trees. The largest willow 
that Mr. Jenness saw was about 5 feet high, with a circumference of about 2 
inches; it was growing at Kugaluk river near point Pullen, about two miles from 
the coast. I found a considerably bigger one, measuring about 8 feet in height 
and 10 inches in circumference at the ground. This tree, Salzx Richardsonit, 
was growing in the bed of a small creek near the coast (Rae’s ‘‘Mackenzie river’’) 
at about Long. 110°W. It is probably the biggest willow tree on Victoria 
island.? 
Concerning the topography and vegetation in general along the south side 
of Wollaston land, between long. 110° and 114°W., it appears that from Simpson 
bay south of Lady Franklin point the coast is of the same nature, with low 
gravel plains, tundra, etc., as on the mainland opposite and that the vegetation is 
the same as at Bernard harbour. Some plants were collected at the mouth of 
Kimiryuak river, Forsyth bay, and at the head of Austin bay. 
The coast from Lady Franklin point to Richardson island is composed of 
sandstone bedrock, gravel, and sand. The limestone overlying the sandstone 
is a mere fragment of formerly more extensive beds and only found at a few 
places, namely in the vicinity of ‘“Mackenzie river.’”’ But the sandstone is 
predominant, and at a few places form real cliffs (Rae’s ‘Hare Hills’’) though it 
is mostly present in the shape of flat beds. About half way between Miles 
island and point Ross is a reef composed entirely of this yellow, hard sand- 
stone, close to Victoria island. The only vegetation upon it was found to be 
green algae growing in cracks of a few big blocks of sandstone. It may there- 
fore be assumed that, though the reef rises to six feet above the water, the spray 
and sea-ice prevent the formation of vegetation. Some plants were collected 
on the tundra portage at the base of Ross point. 
In the western part of the bay between Ross point and Richardson island the 
sandstone predominates in the form of flat beds, reaching the sea as low cliffs or 
as a smooth sloping floor merging gradually into the sea bottom. Here and there 
it is covered with gravel, sand, or tundra, and the ‘““Mackenizie river’ has cut a 
bed, mostly wide, through it. Near its mouth the ‘river’ divides into a western 
and eastern branch of which the former is the most open; the high willows referred 
to above were therefore only found along the east branch. At the mouth of the 
latter is an isolated, lower, basalt outcrop, with a small island of the same kind 
of rock continuing it, while a remarkable square cliff formed by a basalt dyke 
intersecting sandstone and dolomite forms a distinct landmark a little inland 
between the two branches of the “river’’ outlet. From the top of this little 
cliff, and by going farther inland, one discovers that there is really no river at 
all but a system of creeks, swamps, and lakes, fed from inland and the surround- 
ing higher slopes, and the “river” bed, which is fairly well marked near the coast, 
divides up into open gullies. Judging from the width and depth of the bed in 
1 See J. D. Hooker, On Some Collections of Arctic Plants, ete. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. Vol. 1, p. 124. 
2 See Vol. V., Pt.'B., p. 18, photo. , Pete oe eee: seo an 
