SINO-MONGOLIAN FRONTIER 
the altitude of which I estimated by means of 
boiling point, aneroid barometer, and Abney 
level, to be some 10,000 feet, is a stupendous mass 
of granite known as Lo-yah Shan. 
The inhabitants of the district we found to be 
of the usual type of Shansi mountaineers. Those 
who had not recently migrated thither from other 
parts of the province were tall and well built, 
with healthy, rosy complexions. 
The chief occupation of these mountaineers is 
the cutting and hauling of timber. This is 
stacked on the banks of the Fén Ho, awaiting the 
spring and autumn freshets, when it is taken 
down in long rafts and sold at various places on 
the T’ai-yiian Fu plain. Avast amount of timber 
is thus taken out annually, while nothing is being 
done to replenish the denuded areas. 
On January 12 (1910) we once more took to 
the road, and returning to the Fén Ho, followed it 
up to its source. A few fruitless days were spent 
en route at Tung-tsai, a large village engaged 
in the timber trade, situated about ten miles from 
the head waters of the river. 
On January 17 we discovered a series of moun- 
tain lakes, which constitute one of the sources 
of the Fén Ho. These interesting lakes, which I 
have already described in my geological notes in 
Through Shén-Kan, are five in number, the 
largest being known as Mu Hai-tzii, and the 
second as Kung Hai-tzti. These names mean 
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