SPORT AND SCIENCE ON THE 
Hitherto this country has scarcely been touched 
by any geologist; so that the following notes, 
though far from complete, may be considered as 
breaking new ground. They were gathered on 
the trip described in the second chapter of this 
book. 
Let us take a line running north-west from 
T’ai-yiian Fu, through Tsing-lo Hsien, Wu-chia- 
kou, Tien-p’ing to Wu-tsai Hsien, and consider 
in section the different formations. 
First after crossing ten or twelve miles of allu- 
vial plain, loess and stony river bed, we encounter 
the extensive escarpment of Ki-ch’ou limestone, 
caused by the fault running north-east to south- 
west. Entering a deep gorge at Kuan-k’ou, 
we note that the strata at first are horizontal, 
though slightly folded ; but that further on they 
dip slightly in a general north-westerly direction. 
Continuing along the bottom of the ravine, which 
rises steadily through the limestone, Pei-hsiao- 
tien, ten miles from Kuan-k’ou, is reached. This 
is a small town situated at an altitude of 4,570 
feet in an open valley in the Shansi coal measures, 
where bituminous coal of the usual quality is 
mined. We have thus ascended roughly 2,000 
feet, through the Sinian limestone to the Shansi 
formation. 
On leaving Pei-hsiao-tien the road continues 
north-westward, ascending a narrow valley. 
Here metamorphic rocks, consisting chiefly of 
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