SPORT AND SCIENCE ON THE 
PART 4 
Tue GEOLOGY OF THE COUNTRY TRAVERSED BY 
THE PeKiInc-KaLtGan Rattway 
From Peking to Nan-k’ou the railway traverses 
part of the Chihli plain. As one approaches 
Nan-k’ou, low limestone hills, outliers from the 
main range, can be seen. In these the very 
marked strata dip at an angle of about 45° 
to the south-east. The same thing may be 
seen in the lower slopes of the main range. The 
strata of the higher levels, however, are hori-. 
zontal, and, though the actual contact cannot be 
clearly made out from the train, suggest the 
existence of two unconformable formations of 
limestone. This is the case, the sharply dipping 
strata of the. lower slopes and outliers having 
been identified as belonging to an older forma- 
tion called the Nankou series, which finds its 
equivalent in Shansi in the Hu-t’o series already 
mentioned. 
Ascending the valley, at the mouth of which 
Nan-k’ou is situated, one soon reaches a level 
above the Nankou limestone, and finds the Ta- 
yang limestone (Sinian), the equivalent of the 
Ki-ch’ou limestone in Shansi, lying in horizontal 
strata. Further on up the valley these commence 
to dip to the north-west, and are interbedded 
with blue clays and shales. Finally the strata 
become contorted, and are replaced by plutonic 
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