14 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES 
Brrrer-Rot 
Caused by Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Sp. and von S$. 
While this disease occurs on a great variety of hosts, it is of 
most consequence on the apple. On this fruit it is almost 
invariably called bitter-rot, in spite of the apparent unfitness 
of the name. The affected flesh is not always bitter. The 
names anthracnose and ripe-rot have also been applied to this 
disease, but since the trouble occurs on both green and ripe 
fruits, the latter term is an objectionable one. The name 
anthracnose is reserved for another disease of the Pacific 
Northwest. The disease on the limbs is called bitter-rot 
canker. 
It is difficult to determine the origin of bitter-rot, but America 
appears to be the only country in which apples suffer from it. 
It was recorded in North Carolina in 1867, and with the devel- 
opment of apple-culture throughout the central belt of states, 
the range and destructiveness of this disease have gradually 
increased. By 1887 bitter-rot had become a serious trouble 
in many eastern states along the thirty-seventh parallel. It 
now occurs in.all the territory east of the Mississippi River, 
and west including Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Missouri, Ar-. 
kansas and Louisiana. Within this region bitter-rot is most 
prevalent in a belt of states on the line of the Ohio River, from 
Virginia to Oklahoma. Epiphytotics in many of the states in 
this belt have occurred with great frequency and destructive- 
ness. 
Bitter-rot is unquestionably the most ruinous of all apple 
diseases in certain years; this is particularly true of the sec- 
tion where it is most prevalent. This disease, more than any 
other apple disease, is one to be feared by apple-growers. Its 
sudden appearance after great expenditures of time, money and 
- energy have been made in producing a fine crop causes it to be 
