APPLE DISEASES 87 
and destruction of certain limbs may at times prove helpful. 
For example, a limb bearing several cankers ought to be so 
treated. Surgical and pruning measures should in any case 
be only supplementary to spraying. It should be remembered 
that the wholesale removal of cankers from large trees where 
hundreds of lesions occur is an expensive and a laborious 
method. 
REFERENCES 
Jackson, H.S. Apple tree anthracnose. Oregon Crop Pest and Hort. 
Bienn. Rept. 1911-1912: 178-197. 1913. 
Cordley, A. B. Apple tree anthracnose, a new fungous disease. 
Oregon Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 60: 3-8. 1900. 
Lawrence, W. H. Black spot canker. Washington Agr. Exp. Sta. 
Bul. 66:4-35. 1904. 
Jackson, H.S. Apple tree anthracnose. Oregon Agr. Exp. Sta. Cire. 
17:24. 1911. 
Cordley, A. B. Some observations on apple tree anthracnose. Bot. 
Gaz. 30: 48-58. 1900. p 
Piper, C. V. Orchard enemies of the Pacific northwest. Blackspot 
apple canker. U.S. Agr. Dept. Farmers’ Bul. 153 : 31-33. 1902. 
FRUIT-SPOT 
Caused by Phoma pomi Passer. ( = Cylindrosporium pomi Brooks) 
Nearly all varieties of apples suffer to a certain extent from 
fruit-spots of one kind or another, but on some varieties like 
the Tolman Sweet and the Yellow Bellflower there is a specific 
kind of ‘spotting which is now recognized as an important dis- _ 
ease. Other varieties of apples also show this disease, but to a 
less degree than those mentioned. Sometimes the Baldwin is 
considerably spotted and thus the disease has been called brown 
spot of the Baldwin. It has been erroneously referred to as 
stippen and dry-rot. 
In 1892 a fruit-spot was noted on quince in New Jersey. 
It seems likely that this is the first authoritative record of the 
