96 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES 
of insects that injure the fruit. If the stored fruit is fancy, and 
it is desired to keep it for a long time, wrapping each fruit is of 
decided advantage in preventing decay. It appears after all 
that the secret of controlling this disease lies in the careful 
handling of the fruits throughout all operations necessary to 
marketing and consumption. 
REFERENCES ON Sorr-Rot 
Eustace, H. J. Investigations on some fruit diseases. New York 
(Geneva) Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 297: 32-48. 1908. 
Morse, W. J., and Lewis, C. E. Maine apple diseases. Penicillium 
or blue mold decay. Maine Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 185: 363. 1910. 
Kinney, L. F. The blue mold. Rhode Island Agr. Exp. Sta. Rept. 
1894: 195-198. 1895. 
ARMILLARIA Root-Rot 
Caused by Armillaria mellea (Fries) Quelet 
This disease is variously known as the shoe-string fungus 
rot, crown-rot, mushroom root-rot and Armillaria root-rot. 
Tn addition to the apple many other trees and shrubs are known 
to be affected, some more seriously than others. The dis- 
cussion is presented under Apple, inasmuch as this host is so 
generally distributed and because the disease is one of consider- 
able importance to the apple-grower in some regions. In cer- 
tain sections, however, Armillaria root-rot’ is more prevalent 
on other plants. In the state of Washington the chief damage 
is done to prunes. In Oregon, prunes and apples are most 
severely affected. In these states the blackberry, raspberry, 
cherry, plum, gooseberry, peach, currant and loganberry are at 
times badly injured by this root-disease. In Europe the trouble 
is found on forest trees, including the birch, beech, walnut, oak, 
chestnut, ash, pine, larch, alder, fir, willow and cotton-wood. 
These trees are liable to affliction in America, but as already 
intimated the disease in this country affects chiefly our more 
