108 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES 
like apple-scab. If the schedule advised for the control of 
scab (see page 12) is rigidly followed, satisfactory results so far 
as sooty-blotch and fly-speck are concerned will be obtained. 
Particular attention should be given to the treatments in July 
and August. 
REFERENCES 
» Sturgis, W. C. On the cause and prevention of a fungous disease of 
the apple. Connecticut Agr. Exp. Sta. Rept. 21: 171-175. 1898. 
-Clinton, G. P. Fly speck, Leptothyrium pomi (Mont. and Fr.) Sacc. 
Sooty blotch, Phyllachora pomigena (Schw.) Sace. Connecticut 
Agr. Exp. Sta. Rept. 1903 : 299-300; 302. 1903. 
Selby, A. D. Some diseases of orchard and garden fruits. Sooty 
fungus and fly-speck fungus — an old enemy in a wet season. 
Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 79: 133-134. 1897. 
» Salmon, E.S. Sooty blotch: a new fungous disease of apples. Gard. 
Chron. 3: 48: 443. 1910. 
Salmon, E.S. Sooty blotch: anewfungous disease of apples. South- 
eastern Agr. Col. (Wye) Rept. on Econ. Myc. 1909-1910 : 29-32. 
1910. 
Macoun, W. T. Report of the horticulturist. Sooty or fly-speck 
fungus. Canada Exp. Farms Rept. 1906: 123-124. 1907. 
-Quaintance, A. L., and Scott, W. M. The more important insect and 
fungous enemies of the fruit and foliage of the apple. Sooty 
fungus and flyspeck. U.S. Agr. Dept. Farmers’ bul. 492 : 36-37. 
1912. 
Crown-GaLL 
Caused by Bacterium tumefaciens E. F. Smith and Townsend 
This disease, known as crown-gall, crown-knot, hairy-root, 
woolly-knot, woolly-root and root-gall, affects more particularly 
nursery stock. It is said that the Ben Davis, Early Harvest, 
Yellow Transparent, Wealthy, Grimes, Northern Spy, Olden- 
burg, Wolf River, Red June, Gano and Rome Beauty are most 
susceptible. 
Although crown-gall has been known in Europe for many 
years, it is the belief of certain authorities that the pathogene is 
native to this country. American nurserymen have known it 
