134 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES 
protrudes. Certain hyphe grow erect and parallel to each 
other; these are the conidiophores. On the tip of each stalk 
a conidium is borne. From a single fruiting body several 
hundred spores may be produced. These are scattered to 
other fruits and thus new infections arise. Intermingled with 
the conidiophores are dark-brown, hair-like spines called sete. 
So far as known the sete play no part in the propagation of the 
fungus. They serve, however, to distinguish this pathogene on 
the apple. It is as yet unknown where and in what condition 
the pathogene passes the winter. The assumption is, that it 
lives vegetatively in fallen fruits and possibly on decaying 
débris of various kinds. Infection does not occur, apparently, 
before the late summer. Lesions develop most commonly on 
fallen and stored fruits. The disease seems to be highly favored 
by conditions that prevail in an uncultivated orchard where the 
weeds and grass abound; here plenty of moisture is available 
to the parasite. 
Control. 
In the absence of experimental data little can be recommended 
for the control of the spongy dry-rot. The disease is not widely 
destructive and in even those regions where it is most serious 
it is doubtful whether special treatment is necessary to satis- 
factory control. Fruit in orchards that are given the standard 
care may be expected to suffer but little from this disease. 
REFERENCES 
Stevens, F. L., and Hall, J. G. Some apple diseases. The Volutella 
_Tot. Notth Carolina Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 196: 41-48. 1907. 
Smith, R. I., and Stevens, F. L. Insect and fungous diseases of apple 
and pear. Volutella rot. North Carolina Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 
206: 104-107. 1910. 
Stevens, F. L., and Hall, J.G. Anapple rot due to Volutella. Journ. 
Mye. 13: 94-99. 1907. 
Duggar, B. M. Spongy dry rot fungus of apple. Jn Fungous Dis- 
eases of Plants, p. 316. 1909. 
