APPLE DISEASES 143 
reasonable to assume, however, that such is the case, judging 
from the habits of the fungus on stone-fruits. 
Control. 
Careful remedial measures have not been determined for 
American conditions. The suggestion is made on good authority 
that spraying for apple-scab will help to control the apple 
brown-rot. Store the fruits in a dry, well-ventilated, and clean 
house at the customary low temperatures. 
REFERENCES 
Heald, F. D. The black-rot of apples due to Sclerotinia fructigena. 
Nebraska Agr. Exp. Sta. Rept. 19: 82-91. 1906. 
Clinton, G. P. Apple rots in Illinois. Brown rot. Illinois Agr. Exp. 
Sta. Bul. 69:190. 1902. 
EuropEAN Brown-Rot 
Caused by Sclerotinia fructigena (Pers.) Schrot. 
This disease probably does not occur in America, but is 
discussed in order that a comparison of brown-rot of pome- 
fruits in Europe and America may be made. 
European brown-rot of apple affects the fruits in a manner 
similar to the American brown-rot (see Fig. 37). But Euro- 
pean brown-rot also affects the flowers, shoots and foliage. 
Diseased flowers are blighted. The woody parts, twigs and 
limbs, are cankered (Fig. 38). The formation of a European 
brown-rot canker on apple ordinarily proceeds as follows: 
a hanging mummy presses against a fruit-spur and the two 
adhere firmly ; the pathogene, Sclerotinia fructigena, then grows 
from the apple-mummy to the branch. An affected branch 
may be girdled and under conditions of high relative humidity 
grayish tufts — conidial structures of the pathogene — develop 
on the surface of the canker. Another method by which the 
canker may originate is by the passage of the pathogene from 
an affected blossom through the fruit-spur into the twig. 
