APPLE DISEASES 151 
apple. In addition to the apple it is said to affect the pear, oak, 
palmetto and tupelo. 
The causal fungus, Septobasidium pedicillatum, attacks the 
bark, cambium and wood, causing these parts to turn brown and 
die. Twigs and trunks are subject to infection. Lesions may 
ordinarily be found at a dormant bud, or at the base of a fruit 
spur or twig. The forking of branches also furnishes a point of 
attack. As a result of the work of the pathogene, spots one- 
half to five inches long are developed ; the width varies with the 
size of the affected branch. In the later stage the bark becomes 
sunken, and the edge of the lesion is whitish and uneven. 
There is little in the way of experimental data upon which to 
‘base reliable suggestions for control. It is believed by some 
authorities that dormant spraying will aid in reducing the 
amount of the injury. The removal of diseased parts followed 
by the application of a wound-dressing, such as coal-tar, is 
worthy of trial. 
REFERENCES 
Wilson, G. W. Notes on three limb diseases of apple. Thelephorose. 
North Carolina Agr. Exp. Sta. Rept. 35: 53-55. 1912. 
Galloway, B. T. <A new pear disease. Journ. Mye. 6: 113-114. 
1890. 
PrHytopuTHora-Ror 
Caused by Phytophthora cactorum (Lib. and Cohn) Schrét. 
This interesting disease was given attention in Europe about 
ten years ago. In certain foreign countries Phytophthora-rot 
seems to be quite common and destructive. It is said to occur 
in Switzerland during rainy seasons on apples and pears, rotting 
the fruit to a considerable extent. The disease also affects and 
brings about the death of apple “buds” in the Swiss nurseries. 
An outbreak is reported from Bohemia in 1910, and the trouble 
has at last been found in America. In 1915 it was discovered 
