212 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES 
REFERENCES ON CaNE-BLIGHT 
Stewart, F.C. An experiment on the control of currant cane necrosis 
by summer pruning. New York (Geneva) Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 
357: 1-10. 1913. 
Grossenbacher, J. G., and Duggar, B. M. A contribution to the life- 
history, parasitism, and biology of Botryospheria ribis. New 
York (Geneva) Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. bul. 18: 114-190. 1911. 
Durand, E. J. A disease of currant canes. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. 
Sta. Bul. 125 : 23-38. 1897. 
Chester, F. D. A blight of currants. Delaware Agr. Exp. Sta. 
Rept. 14: 43-44. 1903. 
European Rust 
Caused by Cronartium Ribicola Fisch. von Waldh. 
This disease, known also as currant felt-rust and white pine 
blister-rust, is caused by a fungus which was introduced into 
the United States from Europe a few years ago. The reforesta- 
tion movement had created a market for young white pine 
stock, and since American nurseries have not been able to supply 
this demand these plants have been imported from Europe. 
Whatever else may be said of the result of this wholesale im- 
portation of foreign white pines, it is to be regretted that the 
blister-rust pathogene has thus been brought into the United 
States. 
So far as the currant is concerned the disease is of 
little economic importance, since it does not destroy whole 
bushes. Gooseberries are also affected, but the condition is 
similar on that host. The chief importance on these plants 
(Ribes) lies in the fact that the pathogene lives on them, from 
which it spreads to the five-needle pines. Here young trees 
are killed in the nurseries and in plantations; older white 
pines are also severely affected, sometimes being killed by the 
disease. 
The disease is known in practically all Europe, except in 
