GRAPE DISEASES 259 
(1) Vines which exhibit a dwarfed, yellowed foliage during 
the early part of the season (in June) may be regarded with 
suspicion ; it is probably a case of dead-arm. Diseased plants 
are thus located. 
(2) About this time the ground is being cultivated frequently ; 
vines may then be marked and at trimming time may be re- 
moved. In two or three seasons all affected plants may be 
eliminated. 
(3) The disease affects the heart-wood. If vines show this, 
they should be removed and the cut should be made at some 
point below the last indications of dry-rot.. Often this is at the 
ground, in which case renewals come from below the surface. 
(4) Renewals must be carefully inspected, for they may be- 
come infected from some outside source. 
(5) At trimming, reddish elevated lesions should be watched 
for. More than passing attention must be given when dead- 
arm is present in the vineyard. 
(6) Vines may be brought quickly into profitable bearing 
by the renewal system. 
(7) It has been shown that the fungus may be carried by 
pruning tools. 
Healthy vines may be protected from new infections by the 
application of bordeaux mixture. This should be done at the 
time recommended for the first black-rot spraying, that is, 
when the shoots are eight to ten inches long. The application 
should be made every year, regardless of the weather. For 
while practically no infections occur in certain years, yet such 
conditions cannot be safely forecasted by the grower. Nursery- 
men should take cuttings from vineyards which receive this 
early ‘application or which are known to be free from dead-arm. 
REFERENCES 
Reddick, Donald. Dead-arm disease of grapes. New York (Geneva) 
Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 389: 463-490. 1914. 
Reddick, Donald. Necrosis of the grape vine. Cornell Univ. Agr. 
Exp. Sta. Bul. 263 : 323-343. 1909. 
