402 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES 
Kunkel, Otto. The production of a promycelium by the ecidiospores 
of Czoma nitens Burrill. Bul. Torr. Bot. Club, 40: 361-366. 
1913. 
Wilson, G. W. Rusts of blackberries, dewberries, and raspberries. 
North Carolina Agr. Exp. Sta. Rept. 35: 57-61. 1912. 
Newcombe, F. C. Perennial mycelium of the fungus of blackberry 
rust. Jour. Myc. 6: 106-107. 1890. 
Stewart, F. C., and Blodgett, F. H. A fruit-disease survey of the 
Hudson Valley in 1899. Blackberry diseases. Orange rust. 
New York (Geneva) Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 167 : 286-287. 1899. 
YELLOWS V 
Cause unknown 
This peculiar and obscure raspberry disease is variously 
known as curl, leaf-curl, yellows and the Marlboro disease. 
The term yellows is used to cover a variety of symptoms and 
is very loosely applied by the grower to any condition in which 
the leaves turn yellow. The name Marlboro disease is local 
in usage ; it owes its origin to the fact that the Marlboro variety 
is very susceptible. By reason of its descriptive nature the 
name yellows seems most appropriate. 
Raspberry-yellows was first recorded from Minnesota in 1894. 
At present its geographical range is probably coincident with the 
plant affected, having been observed at one time or another in 
Ohio, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, 
Kansas, Michigan, Colorado, California and Washington. It 
is also said to occur in Canada. All who are acquainted with 
the disease concur in that it is very important. In certain 
localities it is regarded as the most prevalent and the most 
destructive of raspberry diseases. In many cases where the 
raspberry industry has been ruined the yellows disease has been 
held responsible for such conditions. Red raspberries stand 
alone in their susceptibility to injury from yellows. Only 
rarely are the black-caps and purple varieties affected appre- 
ciably. In order of their susceptibility red raspberries follow : 
