406 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES 
inceoueesee: 
Caused by Gleosporium venetum Speg. 
The disease under consideration is generally known as 
anthracnose, which name was given it in 1887. Prior to that 
date it was called cane-rust. The first account of the disease 
comes from Illinois dated 1882. Complaints were made about 
1885 to 1887 of the serious injury which anthracnose was doing 
in Illinois, Wisconsin, Missouri, Texas and New Jersey. The 
sources and number of these complaints indicated that the 
disease was then widespread and destructive. More recent 
records of the trouble show that it occurs in the North Central 
States, the North Atlantic Division and the Western Division 
where the output in quarts is greatest. 
Raspberry-anthracnose (Fig. 119) also affects the blackberry 
(see page 161). The raspberry, however, suffers more from 
this disease than the blackberry. All above-ground parts 
are injured more or less. Canes are sometimes girdled and are 
therefore killed. Leaves are about one-half their normal size 
and distorted when affected by anthracnose. Fruits, if formed 
at all, may not reach their full development, but they ripen 
prematurely and are therefore worthless. If young canes are 
not killed the first year, the formation of fruit for the next year 
is prevented. 
It is difficult to estimate the amount of the losses incurred 
from anthracnose because of the nature of the losses. It has 
been estimated in Missouri that 10 to 12 per cent of the entire 
crop is injured. In 1904 in one county in Nebraska 33 per cent 
of the crop was injured, and in 1907 one-half the crop in Wis- 
consin is thought to have suffered. But no records based on 
carefully selected data are available which will indicate the 
annual dollar loss. In many plantations everywhere the dis- 
ease is enphytotic, the amount of the injury being about the 
