FUNGICIDES, PREPARATION AND APPLICATION 487 
evaporation goes on concentration and burning by the caustic 
polysulfides results. In the case of grapes, however, and some- 
times in the case of burning of peach and apple foliage, the 
injury is due to the sulfuric acid formed later from the sulfur. 
If the lime-sulfur is properly diluted and properly applied, se- 
rious injury seldom results except on grapes and on some varie- 
ties of peaches. What has sometimes been taken for lime-sulfur 
injury is doubtless injury from the arsenicals used with it. 
If commercial concentrated solutions are to be used, simply 
dilute as directed for the particular disease or diseases to be 
combated. Concentrated solutions may be prepared as 
follows : 
Use only fresh, lump-lime free from dust, grit, air-slaked 
material and magnesium oxid.. The lime should not contain 
less than 90 per cent of pure calcium-oxid. A high grade of 
sulfur flour, flowers of sulfur, or finely ground brimstone will 
do equally well. The best formula appears to be: 
Lime 90 per cent pure, 40 lb. 
Sulfur + 80 Ib. 
Water 50 gal. 
Moisten the sulfur thoroughly, working it into a smooth, 
even fluid-paste. Slake the lime in 10 gallons of hot water, 
adding the lime slowly to avoid boiling over. Pour in the 
sulfur paste gradually during the slaking, and stir constantly. 
When all the lime is slaked and all the sulfur thoroughly 
mixed in, add water to make fifty gallons and boil vigorously 
for one hour. The cooking may be done in a kettle over a 
fire or in a barrel by means of live steam. Allow the solution 
to settle, decant off the clear dark concentrate, and store in 
barrels. Keep where it will not freeze. Home-made concen- 
trate will usually show a lower Baumé test than the commercial 
concentrate. In either case the dilution should be made on 
the basis of the hydrometer reading. 
