THE SKATE. 31 



coracoid : c.Iiy, ceratohyal ; e.br. 3, third epi -branchial : e.Iiy, epi-hyal ; 

 gl. I, gl. 2, gl. 3, anterior, middle, and posterior glenoid facets : 

 h.br. I, h.br. 3, h.br. 5, hypo-branchials of the first, third, and 

 fifth branchial arches : h.hy, hypo-hyal : A?«, hyomandibular ; hii, 

 commencement of hjemal canal : il, iliac process : lb. i, lb. 2, lb. 3, 

 lb. 4, labial cartilages: mck, Meckel's cartilage or lower jaw: ms.pr, 

 mesopterygium : mt.pt, metapterygium : ol, olfactory capsule : p.p', 

 propterygium : f.pu, pre-pubic process : pt.qu, pterygo-quadrate 

 cartilage, or upper jaw : pu, pubic portion of hip girdle : r, rostrum : 

 r.c, rostral cartilage : sc, scapula : s.c.f, scapulo-coraccid fontanelle : 

 sp, spiracular cariilage : s.sc, supra-scapula. 



longitudinal axis of the centrum ; the cartilage intervening 

 between them is further strengthened by four radiating 

 plates of bone, which give rise to a cruciform figure in a 



Fig. II. — Rajanasuta. The last seven trunk vertebrae, and the 

 first ten caudal vertebrce, viewed from the left side (nat. dze). 



c centra : cd. I, first caudal vertebra : d.r, dorsal root of spinal 

 ner've : k.p, hjemal process : h.s, hsemal spine ; i.n, inter-neural plate : 

 np, neural process: n.s, neural spine: r, rib: /, trunk of spmal 

 nerve: tr, transverse process: tr.2%, twenty-eighth (last) trunk 

 vertebra : v.r, ventral root of spinal nerve. 



transverse section of the centrum. The centra are seen to 

 continue backwards the ventral portion of the anterior 

 vertebral plate. 



6. The transverse processes (Figs. 11 and 12, tr), 

 backwardly directed rods of cartilage, which proceed one 

 from either side of the centrum, and continue backwards 

 the lateral ridges of the vertebral plate. 



