THE COD. 97 



end articulates with the vomer : its posterior (or ventral) 

 flattened end reaches nearly as far back as the quadrate. It 

 does not enter into the gape. 



IX. Note the following bones in each ramus of the lower 

 jaw : — • 



49. The articular (ar), a large bone articulating by a 

 saddle-shaped surface with the quadrate : it is thick and 

 strong posteriorly, and produced into a long pointed pro- 

 cess anteriorly. On its inner surface is a groove in which, 

 in the recent condition, Meckel's cartilage lies : this 

 latter is rod-like, about 2 — 5 mm. in diameter, and pointed 

 at its anterior end, which projects beyond that of the 

 articular. 



50. The angular (an), a small stout bone attached to 

 the postero-inferior angle of the articular. 



51. The dentary (d), a large bone forming the main 

 part of the lower jaw, and curving inwards to join its fellow 

 of the opposite side, to which it is united by synchondrosis. 

 Its posterior edge is deeply notched for the reception of the 

 articular, and it contains a cavity open behind, in whicli 

 Meckel's cartilage and the mandibular nerves run. 



X. Note in the hyoidean apparatus 



52. The two paired halves or cornua of the apparatus, 

 large, laterally-compressed bones, lying, in the natural 

 position of the parts, within the rami of the mandible, and 

 uniting with one another by a median symphysis a short 

 distance behind the mandibular symphysis. 



53. The connection of each hyoidean cornu with the cor- 

 responding suspensorium by a short rod of bone, the inter- 

 hyal (i./iy), which articulates on the one end with the 

 dorsal extremity of the cornu, and on the other with the 

 cartilaginous interval between the hyomandibular and 

 symplectic. 



