THE PIGEON. 



jjjn 







<pi ly 



F!G. 47.— Columba livia. The skull of 3 young bird (about six 

 weeks old). A, from above ; B, from beneath ; C, from the left side 

 (nat. size). 



The cartilaginous parts are distinguished by dotting. 



al.s, alisphenoid : an, angular; ar, articular: i.o, basioccipital : 

 d, dentary : e.o, exoccipital ; eii, aperture of Eustachian tube : f.m, 

 foramen magnum:/?-, frontal: i.o.s, inierorbital septum :jim, jugal : 

 Ic, lacrymal : ll>.s, lambdoidal suture : m.eth, mesethmoid : mx, maxilla : 

 mx.p, maxillo-palatine process : na, na', na", nasal : o.V, occipital 

 condyle : or fr, orbital plate of frontal : j>a, parietal : pa.s, para- 

 sphenoid : /i^ palatine : p. mx, premaxilla : pt, pterygoid : qu, quadrate : 

 s.an, supra-angnlar : s.o,^ supraoccipital : sq, squamosal : ty, tympanic 

 cavity : II^^XII, foramina for cerebral nerves. 



