THE PIGEON. 231 



returning blood from the kidneys and reproductive organs, 

 as well as from the hind limbs. 



216. The ureter (Figs. 52 and 53, ur), a delicate, mem- 

 branous tube, arising from the ventral face of each kidney, 

 between its anterior and middle lobes, and passing back- 

 wards to the cloaca (see § 230, p. 235), in the male parallel 

 and internal to the corresponding vas deferens, in the 

 female dorsal to the oviduct. In dissecting out the ureter 

 be careful not to injure the renal (§ 220) or the hypogastric 

 (§ 218) vein. 



217. The adrenals or supra-renal bodies (Fig. 52, 

 adr), irregular yellowish organs near the anterior end of the 

 kidneys, and closely connected with the iliac veins. 



XXXIII. Dissect away, with great care, the testes or 

 the ovary from the kidneys, also dissect out the 

 vasa deferentia or the oviduct, taking care not to 

 injure the renal vein (g 220) : turn the reproductive 

 organs and the rectum backwards so as to expose 

 more completely the kidneys and the roof of the 

 pelvic cavity : then dissect out 



218. The renal portal or hypogastric veins (Fig. 

 54; r.p), paired vessels, uniting with one another in the 

 middle Hne immediately behind the kidneys, and from the 

 point of union sending off a trunk which, uniting with the 

 veins from the cloaca and rectum, forms the coccygeo- 

 mesenteric vein (c.m.v) : at its anterior end each renal 

 portal vein penetrates the posterior lobe of the kidney- 

 A small median caudal vein (f) bringing blood from the 

 the uropygium pours its blood into the point of union of 

 the renal portals, each of which also receives, just as it 

 enters the kidney, a larger internal iliac vein (i.il) from 

 the roof of the pelvis. 



