144 THE GEAPE CULTUEI8T. 



feet above it— we now have two feet remaining between 

 the middle and upper bar. 



The upright canes from the upper arms may be allowed 

 to grow one foot or more above the treUis without support, 

 and they will receive no harm therefrom. Where it is de- 

 sirable to economize in every way possible, the tieUis may 

 be made only six feet high (provided the lower bar is 

 placed at one foot from the ground), and the bars arranged 

 so that the shoots from the upper tier may be allowed to 

 grow above it. 



"Whenever any of the upright canes show a weakness, 

 the pinching may be deferred until they gain the required 

 strength. If the ends have already been pinched off, then 

 leave two or three of the upper laterals to grow out for a 

 foot or more, and this will cause an extra flow of sap into 

 such canes, and thus we may check one cane and encour- 

 age another. In this manner we can readily control the 

 forces of the vine, directing them to whichever part best 

 suits our purpose. 



In checking the growth of vigorous vines, especially 

 when young, we wUl sometimes cause the main buds on the 

 young canes to throw out fruit branches in the latter part 

 of the season, and on these wiU appear a second crop of 

 fruit. This of course is of no value, because there is not 

 .suflScient time for it to ripen, even Lf the strength of the 

 vine would admit of its doing so. I mention the fact only 

 because some inexperienced persons may be alarmed by 

 seeing a second crop appearing upon the vine in autumn. 

 This second crop is certainly produced from buds that 

 would, under ordinary circumstances, remain dormant un 

 til another year, but checking the growth has forced then 

 out before the proper time. If every main bud on the 

 young canes is forced into growth, except the two or three 

 lower ones, no harm is done, for these last are aU that are 

 needed ; the others we prune off at the end of the season. 

 There is little danger of the lower buds starting, particu- 



