110 LITEEAET VALUES 



field and no favor, we have these things already. 

 All science is democratic, in the sense that it is no 

 respecter of persons, has no partialities, stops at no 

 arbitrary boundaries, and places all things on an 

 equal footing before natural law. Surely the spirit 

 of science makes directly for democracy. When 

 science shows us that the universe is all made of 

 one stuff, that the celestial laws, as Whitman said, 

 do not need to be worked over and rectified, that 

 inherent power and worth alone finally tell, and 

 that there is not one rule for the heavens above and 

 another for the earth below,it is making smooth the 

 way for democratic ideas and ideals. 



Still, pure science is outside the domain of litera- 

 ture, and does not reflect a people's life and character 

 as literature does. It does not hold the mirror of 

 man's imagination np to nature, but resolves nature 

 in the alembic of his understanding. It is not an 

 exponent of personality, as art is, but an index of 

 the development and progress of the impersonal 

 reason. But when we enter the region of the senti- 

 ments and the emotions — the subjective world of 

 criticism, literature, art — the case is different. Here 

 we find reflected social and arbitrary distinctions ; 

 here we find mirrored the spirit and temper of men 

 as they are acted upon and modified by the social 

 organism and the ideals of difi'erent times and races. 

 A democratic community will have standards of 

 excellence in art and criticism difiering from those 

 of an aristocratic community, and will be drawn by 

 different qualities. It seems to me that Dr. Triggs 



